1.  Members: Tsui, Nga Yan Virginia (11076987) Lau, Shuk Man Candy (11109667) Wu, Wing Kam (11109576) Wong, Chun Hung (11109241)

2.  Lesson Demonstration  Presentation on Learning Theories  Q&A

3.  Class: P2 English Lesson  Objective: To design a route for a day-trip in Hong Kong  Background Knowledge: Vocabularies for different sight- seeing, food and entertainment places in Hong Kong

4.  Introduction of Project - Design a route for a day trip in Hong Kong - A vote will be done at the end of the class for the best route - The best route will be used for school picnic  Class rules - Make sure the students are following the rules in class & in group discussion  Brainstorming -Invite all students to throw ideas about designing the trip  Guidance -Provide framework for the students to design the trip

5.  Grouping & Discussion -Group students in group of 3 to plan the trip  Group Presentation -Ask a representative from the group to present the trip  Voting & Conclusion -All students vote for the best route to be used in school picnic

6. BreakfastMorningLunchAfternoon TeaAfternoonDinnerEvening

7.  Social Learning Theory – Modelling  Problem Solving – Brainstorming  Scaffolding  Jigsaw Grouping  Instrumental Conditioning

8.  Teacher uses gesture and cards to introduce classroom rules - Verbal instructions with gestures - Visual aids Objectives:  Draw students’ attention  Easy to understand and remember  Increase the frequency of similar behaviours

9.  Teacher asks Students to brainstorm ideas of the route for traveling Hong Kong by given guiding questions  Problem Type - ill-defined problem  Problem solving strategies - Heuristics

10. Planning a day trip is a complex task, students may…  Feel confused  Don’t know how to start  Miss some important elements

11. so…  Brainstorming and Throwing ideas  Introducing the essential elements of a trip o Eating o Playing o Sightseeing o Transporting (just an introduction), etc  Recapping the words they learned o sightseeing o Food o Entertainment  Providing a framework  Grouping the students to plan an attractive trip

12.  Divide the trip into different sections (Eating, sightseeing and entertaining)  Form groups of students with different abilities  Each student of the group select a section they are most familiar with/ interested in (expert)  Form the expert group and get more ideas  Use different means to express their ideas

13.  Reinforcement is given to bring about desirable change and to teach students to take responsibility for behavior.  Suitable reinforcements enhance the effective progress of classroom. Appropriate or constructive behaviours can be induced and inappropriate or disruptive behaviours can be reduced.

14.  Appropriate behaviours include attending to the teacher, raising hand and waiting for the teacher to respond.  Inappropriate behaviours include out of seat or making excessive noise.

15.  Positive reinforcement: to present something pleasant  To express approval and praise (social reinforcers)  To award points or tokens (token reinforcement)

16.  Negative reinforcement: to remove something pleasant  To remove the student from group for a few minutes (social reinforcers)  To remove points or tokens (token reinforcement)