1. Secondary Fiber
PPT 110

2. Secondary Fiber
Fibrous material that has been through the manufacturing process and is being recycled as the raw material for another manufacturing product
Not mill broke

3. Recycling/Secondary Fibers

4. Waste Paper
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5. Prohibitive Materials
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Heat Seal Adhesives
Latex Adhesives
Wet Strength Papers
Magnetic Inks
Metallic Inks
Plastic Coatings

6. Prohibitive Materials
Wet Strength Coatings
Wax Coatings
Adhesive Bindings
Plastic Bindings
Metal Bindings
Photographic Papers

7. Prohibitive Materials
Chipboard
Cloth Bindings
String & Thread
Glassine
Plastic Inks
Fluorescent Inks
High Gloss Inks

8. Prohibitive Materials
Labels
Parchment
Cellophane
Carbon Paper
Asphalt Paper
Film
Coarse Groundwood

9. Contaminant List by Severity
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (Most Severe)
Non-Dispersible Adhesives
Non-Dispersible Varnish Coatings
Electrostatic Inks
Chipboard
Non-Dispersible Inks
Poly Coating
Carbon Paper
Plastic
Wet Strength Papers
String
Unbleachable Paper
Metal (Least Severe)
Rating 85 77 74 70 64 62 56 51 48 37 26 21 8

10. Stickies Contaminants
Chemical Composition
Resins:
Hot Melts:
Wet Strength Resins:
Latex:
Polyvinyl Acetate
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Polystyrene (foam)
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Waxes
Tar
Asphalt
Pitch
Parez
Kymene
Melamine
Urea
SBR Rubber
Vinyl Acrylics
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Other Synthetics

11. Adhesives Contaminants
Vegetable/ Animal
Adhesive
Caesin Adhesive
Original Use
Envelope Flaps, Sealing of Seams
Used on Labels of Beer and Soft Drink Bottles; used with Latex and Resins to Provide Improved Strength and Resistance to Heat, Oil & Water
In Mill Processing Difficulty
Very Little
Very little by itself Due to Solubility in Alkali Combinations of Caesin and Latex/Resins Result in Agglomeration of Unsaponifiable Material During Deinking

12. Adhesives Contaminants (cont’d)
Original Use
Used in Pressure-Sensitive and “Seal-Reseal” Bonds; Binding Adhesive in Books and Magazines
Used in Sealing of Frozen Food Cartons, Milk Cartons and Bags
Sodium Silicate Solution used in Case Sealing
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Very Troublesome in Deinking; Causes Specks in Product; Sticks to Wires and Felts and Deposits on Dryers; Can cause Web Breaks
Causes Trouble in Deinking; Does Not Reemulsify of saponify in Alkali, Causes Specks in Paper
Very few Problems; Either Disintigrated or Screened Out
Contaminants
Rubber-Based Adhesives
Synthetic Resin Adhesives
Inorganic Adhesives

13. Coatings Contaminants
Clay Coatings
Original Use
Added to Give Paper & Smooth Surface
Paper or Paperboard Laminates and Coatings
Added to give Good Gloss and Grease Resistance; Vapor Proofness, Heat Sealing, Strength, and Special Resistance to Solvents
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Disintegrates into Flakes Causing Defects in Final Product
Difficult to Disperse in Pulper; Formation of Objectionable Specks or Pellets; Fouls Equipment
Causes Difficulty in Deinking
Wax Coatings
Solvent Coatings (cellulose nitrate, vinyl)

14. Coatings Contaminants (cont’d)
Latex
Original Use
Used as Binders and Saturants for Paper and Board
Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polyamide Resins Applied by Extrusion Method
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Difficult to Remove in Some Cases; Detrimental to Pulp Quality
Does not Disintegrate During Cooking and Difibering; Detrimental to Pulp Quality
Extruded Coatings

15. Inks Contaminants Contaminants Original Use
Newspaper Ink
Original Use
Used in Uncoated paper Possessing a Rough Surface
Used in Book Printing and Limited Circulation Publications
Used in Production of Magazines Sections of Newspapers, Catalogs, and Wrappers
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Degrades Product
Letterpress/Offset Inks
Rotogravure

16. Other Contaminants Contaminants Original Use
Wet Strength
Polystrene
Original Use
Paper Treated with Resins
Blocks, Beads, etc, Used in Packing
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Does not Disperse in Pulper; Causes Spots in Product
Difficult to Remove, Sticks to Rolls, Indents Sheet and Causes Pickscouts

17. Other Contaminants (cont’d)
Dense Plastic Chips
Plastic Films
Original Use
From Blister Packs and See-through Packing
Laminated to paper or to Tramp Material
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Breaks into Small Pieces that are Hard to Remove; Causes “Shiners” in Product
Slows Down Pulping Process; Causes Product Defects

18. Other Contaminants (cont’d)
Asphalts
Fibers
Original Use
Coating or Laminated to Paper
Vegetable and Synthetic Fibers Used in Rope
Tramp Material
In-Mill Processing Difficulty
Coagulants in Pulping Process; Sticks to Wire; Causes Black Spots in Products
Causes Product Defects and Web Breaks
Removed in Pulper or Screens
Metals

20. RePulping of Waste Paper
Continuous Pulper
Ragger
Clam Shell
Detrasher
Disperger/fiberizer/Deflaker

21. Recycled Fibers

22. The Process Begins – Waste Paper Bales

23. Rejects
Hylte Museum

24. Pulper Schematic

25. Variables of RePulping
Stock Temp.
High until it affects contamination
Increase fluidity
Consistency
High with circulation

26. Pulper Conditions Consistency 5% Temperature 50-90oC pH 4.5-12.0
Time mins
Energy kwh/t
Bleach None, Hypochlorite, Peroxide, Hydrosulfite

27. Potential Waste Paper Recovery Rates
Potential Recovery Rates
(50-57%)
(63-70%)
(15-30%)
(100%)
(50%)
(37-50%)

28. Where Used Multi-ply – 75% Building Products – 10%
Corrugated Medium
Paperboard
Building Products – 10%
Newsprint et al – 15%

29. Effect of Repeated Recycling on Strength Properties of Unbleached Kraft Pulp

30. Effect of Recycling

31. Recycling Operations Step Principal Contaminant Functions
Prepulping - Classification of Paper Sources by Grade
- Quality Control of the Grades
- Contaminant Removal From Papers
Pulping - Wetting of Paper
- Conditioning of Fiber
- Conditioning of Contaminants
- Removal of Large Type Contaminants
Secondary Pulping - Wetting of Fiber Bundles
- Removal of Medium Size and Heavy Contaminants

32. Recycling Operations cont’d
Step Principal Contaminant Functions
Coarse Screening - Removal of Medium Size Particles
Coarse Cleaning - Removal of Medium Heavy Contaminants
Deinking - Ink Removal
- Ash Removal
- Small Heavy and Light Particles Removal
Screening - Medium and Small Particle Removal

33. Recycling Operations cont’d
Step Principal Contaminant Functions
Cleaning: Forward - Small Heavy Particle Removal
Reverse - Small Light Particle Removal
Color Stripping - Modification of Dyes
- Lignin Conditioning
- Fiber Conditioning
Mechanical - To reduce the Contaminant Particle Size Usually to Below 10 Micron
Dispersion - Fiber Conditioning

34. Recycling Operations cont’d
Step Principal Contaminant Functions
Chemical Dispersion - To Separate Fibers
- To Reduce Contaminants Particle Size, Mainly Ink Particles
- Fiber Conditioning
Deflaking - To Separate Fiber Bundles
- To Separate Particles From Fibers