1. 16-4: Dawn of Mass Culture

2. 1. Amusement Parks Example: Coney Island Amusement Park
Reason: Escape from the daily work grind, etc.

3. 2. Bicycling Example: Safety bicycle, Colonel Albert A. Pope
Reason: Gave young women freedom from chaperones.

4. 3. Boxing
Example: John L. Sullivan, and James J. “Gentleman Jim” Corbett
Reason: offered an escape from work and everyday concerns

5. 4. Baseball Reason: offered an escape from work and everyday concerns
Example: National League and Negro American League, Johnny Evers

6. 5. Vaudeville: a theater offering song, dance and comedy acts
Example: Edwin Milton Royle
Reason: offered an escape from work and everyday concerns.

7. 6. Ragtime: a blend of African American and European Sounds
Example: “The Maple Leaf Rag” by Scott Joplin
Reason: offered an escape from work and everyday concerns

8. 7. Motion pictures (silent film only)
Example: The Great Train Robbery, The Perils of Pauline and the 1st sophisticated movie, The Birth of a Nation directed by D.W. Griffith
Movie Stars: Mary Pickford, Lillian Gish and Charlie Chaplin
Reason: offered an escape from work and everyday concerns and low admission price made it available to most.

9. 8. Newspapers
Reason: offered entertaining, “sensational” (exaggerated) news coverage and comics, sports and articles featuring women’s interests.
Example: New York World owned by Joseph Pulitzer and the New York Morning Journal owned by William Randolph Hearst
Nellie Bly, reporter, was sent around the world in 80 days as a newspaper’s promotional stunt.

10. 9. Shopping Centers Example: Cleveland, Ohio
Reason: offered large quantities of reasonably priced manufactured goods.
The Cleveland Arcade was built in 1890

11. 10. Department Stores Example: Marshall Field’s
Reason: Offered personalized services with its motto: “Give the lady what she wants.”

12. 11. Chain Stores Example: F.W. Woolworth
Reason: Offered bargain prices- These stores were “five and dime” stores that offered brand name goods and low cost sales

13. 12. Mail-Order Catalogs: Example: Montgomery Ward, Sears and Roebuck
Reason: Brought department store merchandise to farmers and residents of small towns.
Rural Free Delivery: The system that brought packages directly to homes –made mail order catalogs popular