1. European Picture at 1500 A.D.

2. Christians -are split into two branches @ 1000 A.D. Catholic & Orthodox -Catholics dominate Europe and the Pope runs the Catholic Church

3. Catholics -Worship services and the Bible are in Latin, although average people don’t speak it and are illiterate. (People accept that the church speaks for God.) And, if you disagree with the church you will be tried for “Heracy,” and possibly be killed for it.

4. The Crusades -Pope Urban says that all your sins will be forgiven if you fight the Muslims and drive them from Jerusalem. For both personal and religious reasons... Why Jerusalem? -Muslims had owned the Middle East for 500 years.

5. 3 Main Results 1- After 200 years, Muslims and Catholics make an uneasy peace. Muslims keep Jerusalem & Catholics promise to leave.

6. Trade Europeans discovered that the Middle East was rich & educated (and they weren’t), and began to trade with them. Muslim university in Toledo, Spain After the Inquisition in Spain, Spanish Catholics had control of the libraries of several major Muslim universities.

7. Humanism This series of wars breaks the Catholic monopoly on power in Europe. (Kings begin to ignore the Pope and live.) Art and thinking turn from religious themes to focusing on people- humanism. No religious figures in each painting

8. Reflection: Would Christians be more or less likely today than they were in the Medieval Period to fight in a Crusade if their church told them to do so? Why?