1. Drugs Used to Treat Oral Disorders Chapter 32 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

2. Slide 2 Chapter 32 Lesson 32.1 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

3. Slide 3 Objectives Discuss common mouth disorders Cite the treatment alternatives and associated nursing assessments to monitor response to drug therapy for common oral disorders Identify baseline data the nurse should collect on a continual basis for comparing and evaluating drug effectiveness Identify important nursing assessments and interventions associated with the drug therapy and treatment of diseases of the mouth Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

4. Slide 4 Common Mouth Disorders Affecting the lip – cold sores Affecting the soft tissues of the tongue, cheek and gums – canker sores, Candida Affecting the gums and teeth – plaque, calculus Xerostomia – lack of saliva Halitosis – foul breath; could be related to underlying disease Mucositis – less common; inflammation of oral mucous membranes Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

5. Slide 5 Cold Sores and Canker Sores Cold sores  Caused by herpes simplex type 1  Recurrent occurrences, often predictable  Painful; fever may occur; mouth odor Canker sores  Called aphthous ulcers; gray to whitish appearance with redness  Painful; limit eating, drinking, talking, and oral hygiene  Treated with Aphthasol (anti-inflammatory agent) Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

6. Slide 6 Candidiasis Fungal infection caused by Candida albicans White milk curdlike appearance covering the oral mucosa Commonly seen in infants, pregnant females, debilitated patients Local or systemic therapy with antifungal agents is effective treatment Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

7. Slide 7 Mucositis Painful inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth Commonly associated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy Erythematous ulcerations intermixed with white, patchy mucous membranes Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

8. Slide 8 Plaque Primary cause of most tooth, gum, and periodontal disease Whitish yellow substance builds up on teeth and around gum lines Forms tartar if not removed within 24 hours Eventually causes dental caries if not treated Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

9. Slide 9 Halitosis and Xerostomia Halitosis  Foul mouth odor  Causes: sinusitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, pulmonary diseases, smoking, dental caries, periodontal diseases, poor oral hygiene  Can signify underlying pathologic condition Xerostomia  Flow of saliva is partially or completely stopped  Causes loss of taste, difficulty chewing and talking  Increases tooth decay Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

10. Drug Class: Dentifrices Actions  Abrasive agents used in toothpastes Uses  Control tooth decay and gum disease  Twice daily treatment is recommended Ingredients  Anticavity – fluoride  Abrasive agents – silicate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, calcium carbonate  Tooth whiteners – hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, perhydrol urea Slide 10 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

11. Slide 11 Drug Class: Mouthwashes Actions  Kill bacteria to reduce plaque formation and halitosis Uses  Remove disagreeable tastes, reduce halitosis, reduce plaque buildup Ingredients  Fluoride  Chlorhexidine – antibacterial  Zinc chloride – decreases bleeding and irritation Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.