2. EPA Live! Station 1: Problem ID and How Pest Problems Drive R&D Cristi L Palmer IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Manager

3. Station 1: Problem ID & How problems drive R&D

4. l small Problem

5. l medium Problem

6. l large Problem

7. l Real Monster! Structural Pests Greenhouse Pathogens, Pests & Weeds Landscape Pathogens, Pests & Weeds Nursery Pathogens, Pests & Weeds

8. l Problem New exotic problems Current pathogen or pest moved to a different host Resistance development Lack of effective tools New plant cultivars with higher susceptibility

9. l Problem First Observers Grower Scout Applicator Homeowner Applicator typically is person who applies products for the management of diseases, pests, weeds (end user) In small operations, applicator is often also the scout, diagnostician, and selects products In large operations, these roles may be separate and distinct

10. l Problem ID First Identifiers Grower Scout Applicator Homeowner Extension Agent Diagnostician Training for basic pathogen, pest, & weed identification Training for management When they don’t know exactly what is it and how to manage it, they ask for help: ‒other applicators (growers, landscape professionals) ‒local/regional extension ‒local/regional plant/pest diagnostic labs Advanced training in problem identification Close collaborations with local/regional extension agents and other local/regional diagnostic labs

11. l Problem ID Tool Use Tool Recommenders Grower Scout Applicator Extension Agent Diagnostician Researcher

12. l Problem ID Tool Use Tool Recommenders Grower Scout Applicator Extension Agent Diagnostician Researcher Problem solved !

13. l Problem ID Tool Use Tool Recommenders Grower Scout Applicator Extension Agent Diagnostician Researcher No impact on problem

14. l Problem ID Tool Recommenders Grower Scout Applicator Extension Agent Diagnostician Researcher Problem got worse

15. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use Tool Screening Extension Agent Researcher Tools to be screened can include: Existing registered tools for similar problem with same use site Existing registered tools for different issues with same use site Existing registered tools for similar problem with different use site Late stage development active ingredients

16. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use Tool Screening Extension Agent Researcher Solution found amongst registered tools !

17. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use Tool Screening Extension Agent Researcher No solution found with screening

18. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use Tool Screening Extension Agent Researcher Aspects to be studied Different rates Different application timing Tank mixes Rotations

19. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use R&D New Tool Development Registrant R&D Researcher New Active Ingredients Likely to pass risk assessments - Human toxicology - Ecotoxicology Broad or narrow spectrum Targeted MOA Biological or chemical Economical to formulate and manufacture Potential for wide use

20. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use R&D New Tool Development Registrant R&D Researcher

21. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use R&D Registration Label Registration Registrant

22. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use R&D Registration New tool in the tool box !

23. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use R&D Registration New tool in the tool box ! Caveats Need multiple modes of action for optimal resistance management Education to applicators is fundamental for proper use

24. l Problem ID Screening Tool Use R&D Registration Points where information is exchanged with Registrant Sales Reps Tech Reps Development Reps

25. l Problem EPA Live! Problem ID and How Pest Problems Drive R&D Takeaways New pathogen, pest, and weed problems occur that challenge effective management in plant production and maintenance and of structural/urban pests Growers, landscape managers, and pest control operators (applicators) are trained to identify current problems and on effective strategies to manage them Growers, landscape managers, and pest control operators are also trained to seek additional advice when encountering new problems Extension agents, diagnosticians and researchers can identify currently known problems and new exotic ones To effectively develop new strategies, registrants are in communication with everyone to locate and identify new problems and screen currently registered products and newly developed actives

26. EPA Live! Station 1: Problem ID and How Pest Problems Drive R&D Cristi L Palmer IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Manager

27. Thank you ! Funding for IR-4 Research: USDA-NIFA USDA-ARS USDA-APHIS Land Grant Institutions Researchers: All the fine researchers throughout the US and in cooperating countries IR-4 Personnel: Susan Bierbrunner Michelle Foo Edith Lurvey Satoru Miyazaki Mika Pringle- Tolson Marylee Ross Becky Sisco Ely Vea Growers: Who donate time to complete the biennial survey and all those plant materials!