1. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT 1 International Relations Section 1: Collective Security Section 2: Economic Interdependence Section 3: Environmental Interdependence Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries CHAPTER 23

2. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 2 Section 1: Collective Security Objectives: Why is international collective security important? What causes conflicts that challenge collective security? How does growth in the production and ownership of weapons challenge collective security? In what ways does the United Nations help achieve collective security?

3. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 3 Section 1: Collective Security International collective security is important because it ensures a government’s ability to function properly and promote the public good.

4. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 4 Section 1: Collective Security Causes of conflict: ethnic and religious intolerance ideological rivalries violent changes in government weapons proliferation

5. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 5 Section 1: Collective Security How proliferation of weapons challenges collective security: presents a global threat by providing opportunities for groups or countries to buy and make weapons makes it difficult for world leaders to restrict the production and ownership of weapons

6. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 6 Section 1: Collective Security Ways the United Nations helps achieve collective security: acts as forum for settling disputes between nations peacefully works to protect human rights promotes respect for international law

7. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 7 Section 2: Economic Interdependence Objectives: What is the difference between developing nations and developed nations? In what ways have nations worked to promote international trade? Why are U.S. trade deficits a problem?

8. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 8 Section 2: Economic Interdependence How developing nations and developed nations differ: developed nations—countries that are wealthy and economically successful developing nations—countries that are poorer and struggling to progress economically

9. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 9 Section 2: Economic Interdependence Ways nations have worked to promote international trade: supporting free trade forming trading blocs establishing the World Trade Organization for trade occurring outside of trading blocs

10. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 10 Section 2: Economic Interdependence Why U.S. trade deficits are a problem: results in higher interest rates leads to more expensive exports and cheaper imports, which raises a deficit creates unemployment indicates that the United States is consuming more than it produces

11. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 11 Section 3: Environmental Interdependence Objectives: How do air and water pollution challenge the international community? How can population growth and economic development strain the world’s resources?

12. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 12 Section 3: Environmental Interdependence How air and water pollution challenge the international community: contribute to illness endanger the global environment have led some nations to seek solutions to the problems caused by pollution

13. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 13 Section 3: Environmental Interdependence How population growth and economic development can strain the world’s resources: by increasing consumption of natural resources by contributing to pollution

14. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 14 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries Objectives: How has the end of the Cold War affected the debate over U.S.-Japanese relations? What issues have dominated U.S.-European relations since the end of the Cold War? How have U.S. leaders addressed trade and human rights issues in relations with China? How have intervention and efforts to expand trade marked U.S. relations with Latin America? What has been U.S. policy toward Africa?

15. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 15 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries How the end of the Cold War has affected the debate over U.S.-Japanese relations: Debate in the United States: Some people say if close relations diminish, Japan could re-arm itself and become a military threat. Other people argue that Japan should pay more for its military defense, instead of the United States, now that it is economically powerful.

16. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 16 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries How the end of the Cold War has affected the debate over U.S.-Japanese relations: Debate in Japan Some argue that Japan’s role in world affairs should be more active since it is an economic world leader. Others wish to maintain current U.S.-Japanese relations.

17. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 17 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries Issues that have dominated U.S.-European relations since the end of the Cold War: promoting stability in Eastern Europe dealing with conflict in southeastern Europe

18. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 18 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries How U.S. leaders have addressed trade and human rights issues in relations with China: Some leaders have demanded trade restrictions to protest China’s human rights violations. Others argue that isolating China will lead to the country’s political decline, while closer relations will help bring democracy to China.

19. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 19 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries U.S. relations with Latin America: U.S. intervention has created resentment and led some governments to create economic policies geared to limit U.S. influence. Efforts to expand trade have changed attitudes of countries in Latin America, resulting in more open trade markets with the United States

20. A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON International Government 20 Section 4: U.S. Relations with Other Countries U.S. policy toward Africa: providing humanitarian aid supporting democratic institutions promoting sustainable economic growth increasing African participation in dealing with issues such as AIDS and drug trafficking

21. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT 21 Chapter Wrap-Up 1.How have nations around the world worked together to ease conflict? 2.How might long-term trade deficits harm the U.S. economy? 3.In what ways does international trade help a country’s economy? 4.How do pollution and the scarcity of natural resources challenge the world’s countries?

22. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON A MERICAN GOVERNMENT HOLT 22 Chapter Wrap-Up 5.What has been the focus of U.S. relations with China and Taiwan? 6.What has been the focus of U.S. relations with European and with African countries since the end of the Cold War?