1. Meiosis

2. Karyotype Karyotype- photograph of chromosomes grouped into pairs.
Homologous chromosome- chromosome that has a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
Autosome- chromosome that is a non-sex chromosome
Sex-Chromosome- one of the two chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex

3. Pair of homologous chromosomes

4. Terms:
Diploid- a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Somatic Cells
Represented as 2N
Haploid- a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.
Sex Cells- sperm and egg
Represented as N

5. Fill in missing haploid or diploid numbers
Organism
Diploid
(2N)
Haploid (N)
Chicken 78 ?
Dog 34
Corn (Maize) 20
Human 46
Fruit Fly 4

6. Diploid or Haploid?
Haploid- contains only one set of genetic information

7. Male or Female?
Male = XY
Female = XX

8. Reproduction
Asexual reproduction – a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its off spring
Sexual reproduction – two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from each parent

9. Meiosis
Form of cell division by which gametes with half the number of chromosomes are produced.
Required for sexual reproduction
Start with one DIPLOID cell and end up with four HAPLOID cells.

11. Fertilization
The fusion of a sperm and an egg for form a zygote. A zygote is a fertilized egg.

12. Visit Bozeman Science for Meiosis Video (10 min.)
Answer the following questions as you watch the video
If you are absent on the day we watch this, please watch the video at home.

13. Bozeman Science Questions
1.) Meiosis is the process by which _________ are formed. In humans, this refers to sperm and eggs.
2.) Circle one: Do all of the Anderson children look identical or different?
3.) Circle the correct answer using the human life cycle flow chart:
Gametes are HAPLOID or DIPLOID
A zygote is HAPLOID or DIPLOID
A human is HAPLOID or DIPLOID

14. Bozeman Science Questions cont.
4.) Circle the correct answer: Mitosis starts with a cell that is (2N or N) and ends with two cells that are (2N or N) 5.) Circle the correct answer: Meiosis starts with a cell that is (2N or N) and results in four cells that are (2N or N)

15. Bozeman Science
6.) List the three major methods that cause genetic variation (Why are you so special?)
Independent Assortment
_____________________- homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
_____________________- Fertilization

16. From an evolutionary standpoint, the “fittest” gametes will be the ones who win the race….

17. Meiosis in Detail
Meiosis involves 2 rounds of division

18. Crossing over in detail (color code)

19. Create a diagram of meiosis and include the following terms
1.) Crossing over
2.) Homologous chromosomes
3.) Diploid (2N)
4.) Haploid (N)
5.) Sex cells
6.) Somatic cells (body cells)
7.) Meiosis