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EUKARYOTIC* CELL STRUCTURE Interactive Cell
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We talked about Cell Theory and two types of cells. What are the 3 key points of the Cell Theory? Which are the two important types of cells? What is the main difference between these two cell types?
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Eukaryotic Examples Plant Cells Animal Cells Membrane bound nucleus
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Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Fluid part of the cell between the nucleus and cell membrane Contains tiny structures called organelles
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Cell Organelles Organelle Means “Little Organ” Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic* cell.
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Nucleus Nucleus Contains the cell’s DNA (also called Chromatin) DNA codes instructions for making proteins and other molecules
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Surrounded by a double lipid layer Nuclear Envelope (Membrane) Nuclear Envelope has pores/openings to allow material to move into and out of the nucleus
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Nucleolus Small region within nucleus that produces ribosomes Nucleolus
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Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Homeostasis Provides protection and support Made of a double-layered sheet called Lipid Bilayer (Lipids)
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Mitochondria Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into energy. Cellular Respiration Mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes Outer membrane Inner membrane is folded
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Ribosomes Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have them Their main function is to synthesize (produce) proteins from RNA Ribosomes are small structures found throughout the cytoplasm
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Structure where lipids and proteins are assembled and transported from the cell Two types of ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Ribosomes are found on its surface Synthesize proteins
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) Ribosomes are not found here Contains enzymes for the synthesis of membrane lipids
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Golgi Apparatus It modifies, sorts, and packages materials from the ER for storage or secretion outside the cell It is found next to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
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NUCLEUS Rough ER Golgi Apparatus Smooth ER
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Vacuoles Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates The control of water content within a cell is just an example maintaining homeostasis
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In plants: There is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid The pressure of the central vacuole makes it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers
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Lysosomes Small organelles filled with enzymes What is the function of an enzyme? One function is digestion (breakdown) Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins Organelles that are not useful anymore Removes “junk” that a cell does not need
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Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. The cytoskeleton is also involved in movement
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Two main structures of cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microtubules
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Microfilaments Threadlike structures made of a protein called Actin Form a tough and flexible framework that supports the cell
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Microtubules Hollow structures made up of proteins known as Tubulin Help with cell division. They form a structure called Centrioles. **Not Found in Plant Cells
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Structures for Movement Cilia (plural Cilium) Short hair like structure covering the cell Flagella (plural Flagellum) Longer wipe like (tail)
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Chloroplast*** Found in plant cells Organelles that capture energy from the sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called Photosynthesis Surrounded by two membranes
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Cell Wall *** Found in Plants and some Prokaryotes Cell Walls lie outside the cell membrane The main function is to provide support and protection for the cell In plants, cell walls are made up of Cellulose (Carbohydrate)
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Videos and Interactive Models Interactive Cell Model Interactive Cell Model
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