1. The Start of Today's lesson... Today's lesson...

2. What is Australia known as?

3. Overview… Video: Overview of Australia Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century No formal territorial claims were made until 1770, when Capt. James COOK took possession of the east coast in the name of Great Britain  all of Australia was claimed as British territory in 1829 with the creation of the colony of Western Australia Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. In recent decades, Australia has transformed itself into an internationally competitive, advanced market economy. Long-term concerns include ageing of the population, pressure on infrastructure, and environmental issues such as frequent droughts.

4. Geography 6 th largest country in the world Slightly smaller than the continental U.S. (48 states) Surrounded by the _________ Ocean and the ________ Ocean. 6 states and 2 territories  Australian Capital Territory  Northern Territory  New South Wales  Queensland  South Australia  Tasmania  Victoria  Western Australia

6. The People Population: 21,766,711  Most live along the eastern and southeastern coasts  89% live in major cities Diversity:  White 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1 – 2.5% Major cities:  Sydney 4.429 million  Melbourne 3.853 million  Brisbane 1.97 million  Perth 1.599 million  CANBERRA (capital) 384,000 99% literacy rate Life expectancy: 81.81 years (9 th in the world) Obesity: 16.4%

8. The original Australians? Video: The Outback Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders – make up more than 2.5% of Australia’s population  Aboriginals: inhabitants of mainland Australia, Tasmania and other adjacent islands  The Torres Strait Islanders live on the Torres Strait Islands at the northern-most tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea The arrival of their ancestors is under debate, with estimates dating back as far as 125,000 years ago. The population of Indigenous Australians at the time of permanent European settlement has been estimated at between 318,000 and 750,000. There were over 250–300 spoken languages with 600 dialects at the start of European settlement, fewer than 200 of these remain in use – and all but 20 are considered to be endangered. Aboriginal people today mostly speak English, with Aboriginal phrases and words being added to create Australian Aboriginal English. There is great diversity among different Indigenous communities and societies, each with its own cultures, customs and languages. In present day Australia these groups are further divided into local communities. Aboriginal Map

9. They speak Australian, right?  English 78.5%  Chinese 2.5%  Italian 1.6%  Greek 1.3%  Arabic 1.2%  Vietnamese 1%  Other 8.2%  Unspecified 5.7%

10. Do Australians have religious freedom? Religions:  Catholic 25.8%  Anglican 18.7%  Uniting Church 5.7%  Presbyterian and Reformed 3%  Eastern Orthodox 2.7%  Other Christian 7.9%  Buddhist 2.1%  Muslim 1.7%  Other 2.4%  Unspecified 11.3%  Nnone 18.7%  English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%, Greek 1.3%, Arabic 1.2%, Vietnamese 1%, other 8.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2006 Census)

11. Government Independence: January 1, 1901 from U.K. “Federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm” Chief of state: Queen of Australia ELIZABETH II (since 1952)  Represented by Governor General Quentin BRYCE Head of government: Prime Minister Julia Eileen GILLARD Deputy Prime Minister Wayne Maxwell SWAN Cabinet: nominated by Prime Minister Elections:  the monarchy is hereditary  governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister  following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is sworn in as prime minister by the governor general

12. Military Branches:  Australian Defense Force (ADF)  Australian Army  Royal Australian Navy  Royal Australian Air Force  Special Operations Command Service age is 17 w/parental consent Fit for service:  Males 16-49: 4,411,958  Females 16-49: 4,239,985 US  males: 60,620,143; females: 59,401,941 China  males: 318,265,016; females: 300,323,611 3% of GDP (45 th in the world)  US – 4.06% (24 th in world)  China – 4.3% (23 rd in the world)

13. International Disputes & Internal Concerns Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica Australia's 2004 submission to Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) extends its continental margins over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its seabed roughly 30 percent beyond its claimed exclusive economic zone A 1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia settled some parts of their maritime boundary but some outstanding issues remain Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing Illicit drugs:  Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products  Government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate  Major consumer of cocaine and amphetamines

14. Review…