1. Fusion at SCKCEN

2. SCKCEN Foundation of Public Utility: created 1952, ~ 600 employees; turn-over ~ 80 M€/yr Reactors: safety, materials, instrumentation, neutronics, new reactors (fusion, ADS) Waste: dismantling, waste disposal, waste characterisation Radiation protection, emergency planning, safeguards, remediation of contaminated sites Training: Post-graduate nuclear engineering degree (BNEN) Socioeconomic studies, space applications, medical applications Facilities: BR2, BR1, VENUS, BR3, HADES, LHMA, Nuclear analysis and chemical laboratories, MYRRHA

3. SCKCEN ULB ERM/KMS Belgian Fusion Association 7.7 M€/year (1.6% of European budget) KUL (GRADEL Luxembourg) UCL 30% 40% 10% Flemish Ministry of Education French- Community Ministry of Education Federal Ministry of Defence Federal Ministry of Economy European Commission

4. Fusion Budget at SCKCEN Expenses3 M€/yr Income1 M€/jaar Specific dotation1 M€/jaar 20 equivalent persons-yr 120 persons involved 8 departments

5. Most of our activities is focused on radiation effects ITER PFC and HCBP: Be TBM+DEMO: RAFM Divertor/TBM: Cu (W, CFC, Inconel) DIAGNOSTICS and RH: Ceramics, Glass Optical fibres Sensors Waste strategy Socio-economics 40% 20% 3 M€

6. The BR2 in Mol a versatile high flux reactor 60-120 MW reactor, Be and light water moderated, 12 bar water cooled, highly enriched fuel (93 and 72%), 40 years of operation in 2002

7. Hot cell capabilities Mechanical testing Microstructural analysis Corrosion loops Reactivity tests

8. Metals under radiation Chemical behaviour of pebbles Mechanical behaviour of irradiated material Study of waste conditioning for disposal Mechanical behaviour after irradiation Modellisation of radiation effect Corrosion tests in water and Pb17Li Study of high temperature irradiation capabilities IFMIF design In-situ mechanical testing Erosion-corrosion under incident heat flux Mechanical characterisation after irradiation Beryllium Eurofer Copper Tungsten, CFC, Inconel

9. ITER instrumentation: Radiation effects on ceramics and glasses Insulator Optical fibres Cables Bolometer Optical link Consultancy for RH unit design Components for divertor cassettes Remote handlingDiagnostics

10. SCKCEN focuses on two crucial questions in waste management “All of the waste, after remaining in- situ for some decades, may, if desired, be regarded as non-radioactive or recycled, with no need for repository disposal.” PPCS report 2004 “Waste containing considerable amounts of Be should not to be acceptable for near-surface disposal. Deep disposal of these waste types should therefore be considered”. Recycling issue BerylliumTritium Total waste volume: 94,645 tonnes 100 years cooling time Will shallow land disposal suffice? Detritiation issue El Cabril Acceptance Criteria: Without detritiation: 16,841 tonnes rejected With detritiation: 675 tonnes rejected

11. Minimising Occupational Radiation Exposure VISIPLAN A 3D ALARA Planning Tool for Nuclear Environments

12. Socio-economics 2001-2003: Public attitude towards ITER: focus group analysis 2001-2003: Sustainability assessment for fusion 2005-2006: Guidance related to scenario and modelling exercises 2005-2006: Attitude towards energy models 2006: Media analysis and focus group at Cadarache 2007: Lessons learned from participative processes in big nuclear projects