1. EVENTS THAT HAVE DEFINED NELSON MANDELA AS A GREAT LEADER

2.  In 1944, joined the African National Congress  Increase the rights of black South Africans  Increasingly militant activities  Defiance Campaign of 1952  In 1956, arrested and accused of treason  Treason Trial, August 1959 to 1960  Initially viewed non-violence as a practical tactic  Eventually endorsed and took part in acts of sabotage and guerrilla warfare  October 1963, tried for sabotage during the Rivonia Trial  “Ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But, if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” ACTIVISM WITH THE ANC

3.  Symbolized the plight of black South Africans  Effective communication with prison officials  Strengthening of his diplomatic and persuasive skills  Emotional control  Secret negotiations with South African presidents Botha and de Klerk  Parallels between Afrikaner and black South Africans  Unbanning of the ANC on 2 February 1990  Released on 11 February 1990  “If you were in our position you would never find the time to be bitter because you are looking at the problems.” POLITICAL IMPRISONMENT

4.  May 1990, preliminary negotiations with South African government  Knowledge of Afrikaner culture and history  Groot Schuur Minute, lifted the state of emergency  Pretoria Minute, signaled a ceasefire  Multiracial general election  Election took place on 27 April 1994  ANC won 62% of the votes  10 May 1994, Nelson Mandela was inaugurated  South Africa’s first democratically elected president at age 75  Embodiment of democratic and inclusive principles  Symbolic gestures of forgiveness THE END OF APARTHEID