1. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE Analysis of a Residential 5kW Grid-tied Photovoltaic System Presented by: Yacouba Moumouni Co-authors: R. Jacob Baker and James R. Souba

2. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE Outline ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GTPV SYSTEM CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS OF GTPV SYSTEM FACTORS INFLUENCING BUFFERS BUFFER SIZING SCENARIOS RESULTS AND ANALYSIS CONCLUSION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REFERENCES

3. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 1. ABSTRACT Grid-tied PV with energy storage system increase power quality and reliability Energy storage sizing is presented An economical framework of renewable technology trade-offs is also highlighted Results revealed that the GTPV has cut the electricity bills by 36.45 percent (year)

4. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 2. INTRODUCTION The sun is the basis of all forms of energy on Earth Today’s technology can harness solar for a variety of uses Yet, PV is a small portion of US’ power generation capacity PV installations grew by 30 percent (1.4 GW) in 2014 PV integration increases the challenges to grid operators Transmission lines have constraints Conventional plants cannot follow renewable variability GTPV system has the potential to reduce power bills Electricity surplus go back to the electric utility Check is issued to the home owner for compensation (Fallon)

5. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GTPV

6. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 4. CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS OF GTPV High PV penetration has counter-intuitive behavior It creates excess load at the substation Electrical power flows in opposite direction Price competitiveness Barriers are rather regulatory than technical Some barriers include, but not limited to: Utility rate structures lack of in-depth knowledge of “IEEE 1547” Environmental permitting, and, Lack of sufficient transmission lines

7. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 5. FACTORS INFLUENCING BUFFERS Anticipated daily kWh of energy consumption Number of hours or days of autonomy Bigger battery capacity leads to net positive aspect Larger energy storage system is more expensive Renewable is full of Transient States ( Variability ) Second-life EV batteries be cheaply purchased Short-term transitory phenomena will be resolved Electrical power availability would be improved

8. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 6. BUFFER SIZING SCENARIOS A. Smoothing GTPV Output B. Sizing to Load Shift On off-peak ESS either: charges cheap power (or) remains idle

9. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 7. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The 5kW GTPV requires a total of 2,745 Ah Energy usage higher in winter (November, December, and January) Winter bills are 41.56%, 67.04%, and 66.50% Summer bills (May, June, and July) are 8.03%, 14.88%, and 12.20% The house requires more heating than cooling Overall is 36.45 % paid/year

10. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 8. CONCLUSION A local 5kW GTPV system was concisely analyzed GTPV creates significant challenges to grid operators ESS mitigates the issues of power congestion and generation limits 245 Ah can produce 6 kWh per day for 30 minutes 2.5 kAh needed to achieve 60 kWh/day for 5 hours GTPV owner was better off summer than winter Customer lowest bill was $6.88 for May THANK YOU,

11. POWER SYSTEMS CONFERENCE 9. REFERENCES