1. Physical planning ALBIS SHENALYN P. BIGLANG-AWA, RANIER L. CARBUNGCO, JOHNSON T. MALONZO, CATTLEYA Z. BS. ARCHITECTURE 5-3D ARCH REY S. GABITAN

2. Road networking system

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS Highway – A general term devoting a public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way. Recommended usage: In urban areas – highway or street; in rural areas – highway or road. Street – A highway in urban areas. Road – A highway outside of an urban district. Avenue – Same as street or highway frequently used to designated streets of a certain direction. Boulevard – A broad street of major importance, usually planted with trees or receiving other park treatment. Expressway – A divided arterial highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade separation at intersections. Freeway – An expressway with full control of access. Limited Access Highway – A traffic way in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting property or land and other person have no legal right of access to or from the same, expect at such point only and in such a manner that may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such traffic way.

4. Super Highway – A highway of major cross sectional and longitudinal dimension, especially designed to accommodate very large traffic movement at high rate of speed and which may also have provisions for rapid transit in a median or side strip. Right-of-way – That land secured and reserved to the public for highway purpose. CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS National Roads consist of two classes, namely: a)National Primary Roads form parts of the main trunk line system continuous in extent, which are now declared national roads except those not forming parts of the continuous system. b)National Secondary Roads include all access roads, national, provincial and city roads and streets forming the secondary trunk line system not classified as “primary roads” but shall exclude “feeder roads”.

5. National roads shall have a minimum right-of-way of twenty (20) meters. For Roads constructed through unpatented public land a minimum right-of- way of sixty (60) meters must be provided. For Roads constructed through naturally forested areas of aesthetic and/or scientific value, a minimum 120 meters right-of-way shall be reserved. National Aid Roads – are those provincial and city roads of sufficient importance which may be incorporated eventually into the national systems of highways and are so declared as such by the Minister of Public Highways upon the recommendation of its Regional Directors. Provincial Roads – are those roads connecting one municipality with another municipality, the terminals of which are the public plazas; all roads extending from a municipality, or from a provincial or national road to a public wharf or railway station. The minimum right-of-way is 15 meters, which may be widened to 20 meters provided that a right-of-way of at least 60 meters shall be reserved for roads constructed through unpatented public land.

6. City Roads – are those sections of provincial roads which are within the territorial jurisdiction of a city or all roads within a city which are not national roads. Municipal Roads – are those within a municipality which are not classified as municipal or provincial roads. TYPES OF STREETS 1.Arterial Streets and Highway – are those which are used primarily for fast or heavy traffic. These are the only streets permitted to intersect with expressways. Right- of-way width is 25-40 meters. 2.Collector streets – are those which carry traffic from minor streets to the major system of arterial streets and highways, including the principal entrance streets for circulation within a development. Right-of-way is 20-25 meters. 3.Minor Streets – are those which are used primarily for access to the abutting properties. Right-of-way is 16-20 meters. 4.Marginal Access Streets – are minor streets which are parallel to and adjacent to arterial streets and highways; and which provide access to abutting properties and protection from through traffic. Right-of-way width is 12 meters.

7. 5. Alleys – are narrow minor streets which are used primarily for vehicular service and access to the rear or the side of abutting properties usually without sidewalks. AREA STANDARDS Space Allocation for Roads: Rural – 1.0 kilometer per square kilometer of arable land. Urban – 1.0 to 2.5 kilometers per 1000 population. Type of Facility Function and Design Features Spacing Right-of-way Width Pavement Width Desirable Maximum Grades SpeedOther Features FreewaysProvide regional and metropolitan continuity and unity. Limited access; No grade crossings; no traffic stops Variable; related to regional pattern of population & industrial centers 200-300 ft.Varies: 12 ft. per lane; 8-10 ft. shoulders both sides of each roadway; 8-60 ft. median strip 3%60 mphDepressed at grade, or elevated. Preferably depressed through urban areas. Require intensive landscaping, service roads, or adequate rear lot building set- back lines (75 ft.) where service roads are not provided.

8. Type of Facility Function and Design Features Spacing Right-of-way Width Pavement Width Desirable Maximum Grades SpeedOther Features Expressways Provide metropolitan continuity and unity. Limited access; some channelized grade crossings and signals at major intersections. Parking prohibited. Variable; generally radial or circumferential 200-250 ft. Varies; 12 ft. per lane; 8-10 ft. shoulder; 8-30 ft. median strip 4%50 mph Generally at grade. Requires landscaping and service roads or adequate rear lot building set-back lines (75 ft.) where service roads are not provided. Major Roads(major arterials) Provided unity throughout contiguous urban area. Usually form boundaries for neighborhoods. Minor access control; channelized intersections parking generally prohibited. 1 ½- 2 miles120-150 ft. 84 ft. maximum for 4 lanes, parking and median strip 4%35-40 mph Require 5 ft. wide detached sidewalks in urban areas, planting strips (5-10 ft. wide or more) and adequate building set-back lines (30 ft.) for building fronting on street; 60 ft. for building backing on street. Secondary Roads (minor arterials) Main feeder streets. Signals where needed; stops signs on side streets. Occasionally form boundaries for neighborhoods. ¾-1 mile80 ft.60 ft.5%35-40 mphRequire 5-ft. wide detached sidewalks, planting strips between sidewalks and curb 5-10 ft. or more, and adequate building set- back lines (30 ft.)

9. Type of Facility Function and Design Features Spacing Right-of-way Width Pavement Width Desirable Maximum Grades SpeedOther Features Collector Streets Main interior streets. Stop signs on side streets. ¼ - ½ mile64 ft. 44 ft. (2-12 ft. traffic lanes; 2-10 ft. parking lanes) 5%30 mph Require at least 4ft. wide detached sidewalks; vertical curbs; planting strips are desirable; building set-back lines 30ft. from right-of-way Local Streets Local service streets. Non conducive to through traffic. At blocks50 ft. 36 ft. where street parking is permitted 6%25 mph Sidewalks at least 4ft. in width for densities greater than 1 d.u./acre and curbs and gutters Cul-de-sacStreets open at only end, with provision for a turn-around at other. Only wherever practical 50 ft. (90 ft. dia. Turn – around) 30-36 ft. (75 ft. turn-around) 5%Should not have a length greater than 500 ft.

10. Power supply SYSTEM

11. Pursuant to Section 17 of RA 7160 Local Government Unit shall endeavor to be self- reliant and shall continue exercising the powers and discharging the duties and functions currently vested upon them. Find an efficient and effective provision of the basic services and facilities. If in case, the city or municipality is fully served with electricity it shall focus on future power requirements of the population and proposed expansion of commercial, industrial and other activities. In planning for the power sector the local government unit may tie up with concerned agencies and the private sector if it has the resource for the development of indigenous sources of energy: hydro, geothermal and coal for rural electrification. LGU shall also promote the national campaign to save energy among consumers. Importance of Planning for the Power Sector in Town Planning Demand for electric energy for the following: Rapid increase of population Expanding commercial activities Setting-up much needed industries

12. Process of Planning Power Supply Facilities A.Assessment of Existing Situation This involves identification, collection and processing of data related to power facilities. 1)Data Requirements The required data for a study on the power facilities are listed on the table 1.Current and projected number of household 2.Household by type of fuel used for lighting 3.Household by kind of fuel used for cooking 4.Electric Services Name, ownership, franchise holder of utility Source of power supply Facilities: number, location, substation metering station, electric post, streetlights Service Area e.g. served/unserved barangay Retail rate schedule e.g. price per KWH of domestic use

13. Generating capacity for existing plants only Existing number of connections by type of users and average consumption per month Potential source of power, type and location, if available Frequency of power interruption fluctuation Project, plans, programs Power service area distribution map 2. Data Gathering/Collection National Statistic Office City Hall/Municipal National Power Corporation Electrical Cooperative 3. Data Processing and Analysis Fuel Used for Lighting Source: Census of Population, NSO

14. Type of Fuel UsedNo. of HouseholdPercentage Electricity Kerosene LPG Oil Others Total

15. Fuel Used for Cooking Source: NSO, Census on Population Kind of Fuel UsedNo. of HouseholdsPercentage Electricity Kerosene Liquefied Petroleum Gas Charcoal Wood/Bamboo Others None Total

16. Electric Service a) Household Served and Unserved Computation % of Household Served= Number of Household served/ Total Number of Households x 100 % of Household Unserved= Number of Household Unserved/ Total Number of Households x 100 b) Service Area This is useful in identifying potential expansion areas for electric cooperatives c) Existing Facilities and Equipment Establish the relationship between the number and capacity of existing facilities and equipment and the average monthly consumption of power for all types of connections. Determine the power if provided 24 hours a day

17. Determine the availability, capacity and efficiency of the system in terms of breakdown of existing facilities and power failures or power interruptions d) Existing Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average Consumption Residential 220 volt line voltage 1.2 KWH average daily power consumption 2 KWH average daily power consumption for street lighting Commercial 220 volt line voltage 1.5 KWH average daily power consumption 18 KWH average daily power consumption Industrial 440 volt line voltage 30 KWH average daily power consumption 576 KWH average daily power consumption

18. Institutional 220 volt line voltage 2.5 KWH average daily power consumption 264 KWH average daily power consumption 63 KWH for school 2 KWH for street lighting Recreational 220 volt line voltage Agricultural 440 volt line voltage 1 KWH average daily power consumption General Power Accessories Standards 3 meters radius of right of ways for electric post 60 meters distance between electric posts 3.60 meters high for lamps on walkways 9 meters high or roadways lighting

19. Projected Power Requirements by Type of Connection UserProjected Power Requirements 20062007200820092010 Domestic Industrial Commercial Institutional Agricultural Streetlight Total

20. Based on the Table, after determining the power requirement coordinate with electric Cooperatives about the following: Future expansion with the areas not yet served Determine the correlating increase in number of establishment. Lifespan of electric post for replacement Additional expansion for electric sub stations Formulation of Goals and Objectives Goal Sectoral goal based on the identified problems and development need of the areas plans to achieve Objectives Sectoral objectives based on the set goal. It should be attainable and contribute to the fulfillment of the goal

21. Formulation of Sectoral Proposals and Recommendations A. Policy Recommendation Relevance to other policies of the concerned agencies. Development policy should formulate Analyze resources. Potential development of the given areas Analyze the major issues, problem identified, impact on sectoral development Formulate policies that complement to the main goal of the development plan B. Strategies Relevance to other policies of the concerned agencies. Development policy should formulate Analyze resources. Potential development of the given areas Analyze the major issues, problem identified, impact on sectoral development Formulate policies that complement to the main goal of the development plan

22. C. Targets It is translated to the programs and projects into concrete and quantifiable project and other outputs for a time frame D. Plan Implementation Coordinate with concerned local electric cooperative companies Coordinate with local franchise holders for expansion programs Identification and prioritization of programs and project according to following: Urgency of needs Feasibility of carrying out the project which include financial and manpower resources Majority of the population to be served Conformity to national programs

23. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

24. WATER  is one of the major determinants of the shape of the land.  It erodes, removes the weathered material from parts of the surface and deposits it elsewhere.  Determinant of the form of development.

25. WATER RESOURCES TWO SOURCES OF DATA FOR WATER QUALITY:  Department of Health Provincial Health Units  National Water Resources Board TOGETHER WITH THE HYDROLOGISTS OR WATER ENGINEERS, THE WATER QUALITY SHOULD ASSESS IN TERMS OF:  Classification of major river system  Ambient water quality  Uses of the river system and coliform count WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS:  Dissolved oxygen  BOD  pH  Temperature  Suspended solids  Pesticides and nutrients  Coliform count

26. WATER QUALITY  Fresh water  Marine water  Ground water MAJOR AND OFFICIAL ENVIRONMENAL ISSUES:  Resource quality and use  Air/ water pollution  Status of areas  Environmental impact of urbanization WATER DEMANDS FACTORS INFLUENCED BY MANY FACTORS:  Income of consumer  Standard of living

27. WATER SERVICES QUEZON CITY MAKATI TAGUIG PATEROS MARIKINA PASIG SAN JUAN MANDALUYONG MANILA RIZAL CALOOCAN LAS PINAS MALABON MANILA MUNTINLUPA NAVOTAS PASAY PARANAQUE VALENZUELA QUEZON CITY MAKATI CAVITE CITY ROSARIO, KAWIT, NOVELETA, BACOOR, AND IMUS CAVITE

28. AREAS OUTSIDE OF THE MWC AND MWSI SERVICE AREAS:  Respective water districts  Local water cooperatives  Local Water Utilities Administration CLASSIFICATION OF FRESH SURFACE WATER TYPE OF CONSUMERLEVEL IILEVEL III a.Residential60 lcp communal faucet100- 110 lcpd individual connection b. Commercial/ Industrial1.0- 2.0 cumd/ connection c. Institutional3.0 cmd/ connection CLASSIFICATIONBENIFICIAL USE CLASS AAPublic Water Supply class I CLASS APublic Water Supply Class II CLASS BRecreational Water Class CLASS CFishery Water Recreational Water Class II Industrial Water Supply Class I

29. CLASS DFor agriculture, irrigation, livestock, watering, etc. Industrial Water Supply Class II Other inland waters, by their quality, belong to this classification WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM  consists f all the necessary installations required to obtain, treat, and distribute water. PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM:  Rivers, lakes and wells and the facilities associated therewith.  Aqueducts, canals, and pipelines  Treatment facilities  Distribution systems  Services connect the distribution system

30. GENERAL LAYOUT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM  street plan  Urban density  Topography GENERAL LOCATION  sidewalks  planting strips  under street WATER SUPPLY/ CONSUMPTION STANDARDS 1. Residential30 to 60 gals/ capita/ day 2. Commercial60 to 120 gals/ capita/ day 3. InstitutionalHospitals- 200 to 400 gals/ capita/ day Institution other than hospital- 20 to 100 gals./ capita/ day 4. Agricultural5 cu. m. / hectare/ day

31. TREATMENT PLANT  Topography  Foundations  Physical hazards  Side Hill Water- filtration Plants  Trickling Filter Works Screening Junction box structure Coagulation / rapid mixing Filtration Recovery Lagoon Sedimentation Flocculation Raw water Aluminum sulfate Pre- chlorination Polymer

32. FLOODING  Building them above high water mark  Surrounding them by dikes  Making basement structures watertight  Locating sensitive equipment above flood levels

33. COMMUNICATION FACILITIES

34. INTRODUCTION The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines recognizes the role of communication in nation building. Section 24 of Article II states that “The State recognizes the vital role of the communication and information in nation building”. Communication plays an important part in human development which was recognized as one of the goals of the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan. To be able to complement the demand for communication, the local government units are mandated to provide adequate communication facilities as stated in Section 19 of the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160) to wit: Section 17. Basic Services a.Local government units shall endeavor to be self reliant and shall continue exercising the powers and discharging the duties and functions currently vested upon them. They shall also discharge the functions and responsibilities of national agencies and offices devolved to them pursuant to this Code.

35. b. Such basic services and facilities include but are not limited to the following: 1.For a Province: (which are also for cities) xi.) Inter-municipal telecommunication services, subject to national policy guidelines; 2. For a City: i)Adequate communication and transportation facility. IMPORTANCE: The inclusion of communication in planning is essential to the functioning and development of modern society. It provides news and information even to remote areas, making the population more aware, informed and updated on the latest development trends in all aspects of living and learning. It does not only improve the standards of living of the citizenry but also promotes their integration into mainstream social and political activity. For these reasons, the planner and the local government units (LGUs) must keep pace with the growth of the different communication subsectors (i.e. telecommunication, broadcast, postal and print media) because these are the key elements in nation building.

36. II. SECTORAL PLANNING PROCESS A.Assessment of existing Situation A.1. Data Requirements Data RequirementsSource Telegraph a. Carriers (government and private) b.Number c.Location d.Area coverage e.Facilities and capacity f.Volume of transaction per year for the last three years if available Local Companies Telecommunication office Telefax a.Carriers (government and private) b.Number c.Location d.Area coverage e.Facilities and capacity f.Volume of transaction per year for the last three years if available Local Companies

37. Data RequirementsSource Telephone a. Management (i.e. private or government controlled) b.Franchise holder (name of company) c.Location of firm d.Service area (barangay served) e.Number of subscribers per barangay( if available) f.Type of system used g.Facilities and capacity h.Number of potential subscribers/pending applications i.Number of overseas/interisland calls j.Expansion programs (if any) k.Efficiency of the system Local telephone company/ National Telecommunication Commission Postal Service a.Location b.Area coverage c.Facilities d.Number of letter carrier e.Efficiency of service f.Volume of transaction per year (for the last three years if available) g.Services available h.Messengerial services - Number - Location - Area - Volume of transaction - Facilities Philippine Postal Corporation

38. Data RequirementsSource Meteorological (e.g. weather tracking stations/radar, etc. if available) a.Type b.Location c.Area coverage d.Facilities Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) Other Telecommunication Services a.Cellular mobile Telephone Service b.Public mobile telephone service c.Paging service d.Trunking service e.Wireless local loop service f.Satellite communications, submerged cables, and others, if available g.others National Telecommunication Commission, Local Companies Broadcast Media Radio (if available) a.Stations - Number - Type/coverage a.Location b.Area occupied Television (if available) c.Stations - Number - Type/coverage a.Location b.Area occupied c.Cable TV Local Stations

39. Data RequirementsSource Print Media (if available) a.Newspapers/Magazines - Name/number - Location of stands - Area coverage - Circulation Number Type Frequency Local Companies a. Publishing Houses (if available) - Name - Location - Area Local Agencies COMMUNICATION FACILITES RELATIONSHIP WITH POPULATION Communication Facility Ratio=Number of Communication Facility Total Population Postal Facilities Post Office – Population Ratio=Number of Post Office Total Population Letter Carrier – Population Ratio=Number of Letter Carriers Total Population

40. Telex/Telegraph/Telegraphic Transfer Service Facility Telegraph Station – Population Ratio=Number of Telegraph Stations Total Population Telegraphic Transfer Service – Population Ratio=Number of Telegraphic Transfer Service Total Population DETERMINATION OF DEVELOPMENT NEEDS Determine current problems based on the efficiency for current facility and services Determine the presence or absence of facilities/services using the following standards One telephone station per municipality One telegraphic transfer service per municipality One post office per municipality One letter carrier per 5000 population One Public Calling Office (PCO) per city/municipality without telephone service (Public Calling Office is a facility that offers basic telecommunication service such as outgoing telephone calling, 2 way telegraph service and incoming message reception and delivery. Other services such as telex and facsimile may be offered) COMPUTATION FOR: Total Population Demand for Postal Letter Carrier Total Population Demand=total population x letter carrier/population ratio Standard: 1 letter carrier per 5000 population Telegraphic Messages Projected Volume=A + (AxB) Where;A=volume of preceding year B=average annual rate of increase Computation for average annual rate of increase per year B=D – C / C+E – D / D+F – E / E T

41. SOURCE  (HLURB) Housing AND Land Use Regulatory Board of the Philippines, HLURB Building, Kalayaan Avenue, Diliman Quezon City  Environment Planning for Site Development, Beer, Anne R. and Higgins Catherine