1. Exploration Thesis #7 Explain the factors that led Spain and Portugal being the first to explore the new world. –Focus on rulers, motivation & explorers

2. Why Exploration…? Portugal  Indian Ocean –Prince Henry the Navigator Missionary ideals Mercenary motives  GOLD! –Portugal became financial capital –Dias India  SPICES Challenged Arabs and Venetians for control of Spice trade

3. Spain  Atlantic ocean –Why? Shorter route to Spice trade in the East Indies Strong Monarchy: Ferdinand and Isabella –Christopher Columbus Plan  East India route Achievement  came upon Americas –Observation: very nice and could easily be enslaved –Vespucci and Magellan New lands were not new route

5. France –What is now Canada and North Lake region Why? Desire trade route England –What is now North East America Why? Trade Route IMPACT –Depletion of furs until 1500 –Development of new colonies Religious freedom

6. Spanish Empire 3 Centuries of conquest, exploitation and administration in America Impact –Gold and Silver Financed religious and political conflicts European inflation –Culture Catholicism, economic dependence and social hierarchy

7. European Impact Question ancient wisdom Parallels drawn between printing press and Columbus’ discoveries –Cultural revolution Spice & Wealth  Mixed blessing –Wealth  Inflation –Wealth  research & exploration –Growth of Capitalism

8. Why Spain and Portugal? What was going on… –Politically –Economically –Socially –Religiously Evidence –Spain Explorers Rulers –Portugal Explorers Rulers

9. Legacy… Exploitation/destruction of conquered people’s culture Commercial supremacy – away from Mediterranean, focus on Atlantic countries

10. Consequences for Mexico and Peru –Cultures destroyed Use of superior military force Spread of disease (92% lost, 23 Million) –South America transformed into Latin America Religion in Spanish America –Conflict between conquerors and missionaries Humanism –Catholic Church became conservative power in Latin America

11. Economy of Exploitation All involved labor, servitude, dependence –Mining  Gold and Silver Spain received 1/5 th of revenue Forced labor –Agriculture Estates owned by original Spaniards –slaves –Service occupations –Shipping

12. Labor Servitude –Economic activity requires labor Native population –How did they do it? Created a powerful nobility –Harsh  Led to shortage