1. River Valley Civilizations
WHI.3,4
Mr. Sinkko

2. Big Picture Question for today
Why did permanent settlements appeared in river valleys during the Neolithic Era?

6. What is a Civilization?
Strong rulers (hereditary- established dynasties)
Agricultural Surplus (extra)
Advanced Institutions (Religious systems, etc.)
Advanced tools (used metal)
System of writing (very important!)

7. Geography When did the earliest civilizations begin?
Where were the earliest civilizations located?
Why did ancient civilizations develop in river valleys?

8. When? Started in the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia) around 3500 BCE
Civilizations started in other places around this time as well

9. Where?

10. Videos
While you watch the following videos, keep in mind the Big Picture Question. Feel free to take notes on material that provides an insight into the answer for the Big Picture Question.

11. China

13. Egypt

15. India

17. Sumer (Mesopotamia)

19. Brainstorm
What sources might be useful to provide evidence for a response to the Big Picture Question?

20. Activity- Big Picture Question Source Cards
I will divide you into 8 groups.
You will analyze the source cards and complete the analysis chart.
You will also answer the question: “What made the civilization successful?”

21. Egypt

22. (Traditional Egyptian Farmer’s Song)
“When the [Nile] arises earth rejoices and all men are glad…..That givest drink to the desert places which are far from water.”
(Traditional Egyptian Farmer’s Song)

23. Mesopotamia
Settlements in Mesopotamia did not benefit from protective geographic features and were repeatedly invaded.

24. Mesopotamia (5000 BCE) Empire (4000 BCE) Assyrian Empire (3000 BCE)
Sumer
(5000 BCE)
Babylonian
Empire
(4000 BCE)
Assyrian
Empire
(3000 BCE)
Persian
Empire
(2500 BCE)

25. India

26. India

27. China

28. China

29. Read “Development of Ancient River Valley Civilizations”
Today’s reading
Read “Development of Ancient River Valley Civilizations”
While reading keep in mind the Big Picture Question. Take notes if necessary.

30. Now it’s time to answer the question.
Based on everything we discussed, you are to write at least two paragraphs answering the Big Picture Question.
You should discuss at least 3 factors and give an example of each.
You are to do this on a piece of notebook paper and turn it in.

31. Why River Valleys?
Regular flooding deposited rich soil for farming… led to surplus (extra)
Most settings had natural protections from invaders
Rivers provided transportation

32. River valley civilizations map quiz
Warm Up
River valley civilizations map quiz

33. Label the following China Indus River Indus Valley (India)
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Huang He (Yellow) River
Ganges River
Nile River
Indus River
Euphrates River
Tigris River

34. Reread “Development of Ancient River Valley Civilizations”
If you find any of the terms in the reading, write down a little note or definition of the word in your chart under “Term/Description”
To the left of the word put a “S” for Social, “P” for Political, or “E” for Economic

35. OK, Let’s look at the geography and social patterns of Mesopotamia

36. Now let’s see how much you wrote down.

37. Geography of Mesopotamia
Located in the Fertile Crescent (Modern Day Iraq)
Between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Flooded each year and provided fertile soil
Sometime overflowed and destroyed settlements

38. Mess O' Potamia Lacked natural protections
Frequent invasions… easily conquered

39. Social Patterns in Mesopotamia
Cities had ruling families (dynasties)
The king was considered chief-priest and had religious authority
Rigid class structure (determined at birth)
Rulers and priests had highest role in society
Educated individuals (Scribes) that could write were also important
Common person spent most of the time farming
Slavery existed, but was not based on race

40. Let’s look at the political and economic patterns of Mesopotamia

42. Now for the notes.

43. Political Patterns in Mesopotamia
Often consisted of city-states
Religious officials (priests) had political power
Eventually instituted a Law Code
Hammurabi's Code
Oldest existing written code of laws

44. Economic Patterns of Mesopotamia
Used metal tools and weapons
Used the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers for trade of their agricultural surplus, tools and weapons.
Slavery existed in Mesopotamia.

45. OK, now for the geography, and social, political and economic patterns of Egypt.

47. OK, let’s look at the notes.

48. Egypt's Geography Located between two deserts Nile River
Regularly Flooded each year and provided fertile soil
Very consistent!

49. Egypt in Time Good natural protections
Lasted for over 2000 years before conquered by foreign empires

50. Social Patterns Ancient Egypt
Started as two separate kingdoms (upper and lower).
Eventually united into one
Rulers were called Pharaoh
Were worshipped as a god
Dynasties

51. Egypt's Class Structure
Rigid class structure (determined at birth)

52. Egypt had a centralized government and the Pharaoh was seen a god.
Political Patterns
Egypt had a centralized government and the Pharaoh was seen a god.

53. Economic Patterns Trade along Nile River was crucial
Agricultural Surplus
Irrigation along Nile River
Specialized Workers
Developed a system of slavery (not based on race)

54. Compare / Contrast Read the article “Ancient Nubia”
Based on the article and what you have learned about Egypt, complete the Venn Diagram in your notes, but comparing and contrasting Egypt and Nubia

55. Answer the questions on the back of the Political Patterns worksheet.
Homework
Answer the questions on the back of the Political Patterns worksheet.

56. Complete the World Map Quiz
Warm - up
Complete the World Map Quiz

57. Brainstorm Question
What was the impact of innovations in agriculture (the use of metal to create plows and new irrigation techniques)?
Think about the following: Surplus (what would that lead to?)

58. Thoughts on the question.
What is Surplus?
Thoughts on the question.

59. Answer Increased surplus will lead to increased trade.
More trade requires record-keeping.
Record-keeping requires a written language.
With a written language, societies can create written codes of law.
Written codes of law are needed by a centralized government.

60. Pictograms A picture used to symbolize a word or phrase.
Pictograms were used to communicate basic information about crops and taxes.

62. Writing in Egypt
Developed a system of writing called hieroglyphics

63. Hieroglyphics

65. Writing in Mesopotamia (Sumer)
Developed a system of writing called cuneiform
Made wedge-shaped marks in clay tablets

67. Alphabet Developed by the Phoenicians
Non-pictographic and each symbol represents a sound.

68. Calligraphy Used in Ancient China.
It is an artistic form of writing that is not only for communication but is also a considered art.

69. Power Poster
Create a poster that describes the advantages of written language.
Include as many forms of written language as you can brainstorm from what you learned today.
Be creative and use pictures.

70. Class discussion
Take a minute and write down some thoughts about the three questions in your notes.
Thoughts?

71. Write the number that corresponds to the following:
A) Europe
B) North America
C) South America
D) Asia
E) Australia
F) Africa
G) Egypt
H) Mesopotamia
I) India
J) China
K) Indian Ocean
L) Pacific Ocean
M) Atlantic Ocean
N) Mediterranean Sea

72. Law Codes
With the development of political patterns came the writing of law codes. Thousands of years before there was a Constitution in America, ancient river valley cultures recorded laws to enable the centralized government to organize and manage society.

73. The Ten Commandments
Ten Commandments – according to the Hebrews, this moral code was given to their leader, Moses, by God. The Ten Commandments are followed by other major faiths, demonstrating the impact the Hebrew had on later civilizations.

74. Hammurabi’s Code
Hammurabi’s Code – Hammurabi was a Babylonian King (a group who lived in the Fertile Crescent after Mesopotamian cultures declined or were conquered). He had the laws “written in stone”, so they would be publically know and more easily enforced.

75. Hammurabi’s Code Reading
Read The Code of Hammurabi and answer the 3 questions at the beginning of the reading on a sheet of paper.

76. Hammurabi’s Code Quick Write
Read Hammurabi’s Code #3 and #33 in your notes.
Answer the quick write questions in your notes.

77. Complete the Social, Political, and Economic Quiz
Warm-up
Complete the Social, Political, and Economic Quiz

78. Summarizing activity Read The Hebrews.
Then, using the 3-tiered Organizer, summarize the reading into 3 – 5 sentences (at least one sentence from each sub-heading.)
Then, summarize those three to five sentences down to two sentences.
Finally, summarize the two sentences down to one sentence.

79. The Hebrews
The Hebrews lived in the Jordan River Valley

80. Development of Religious Traditions and Origins and Spread of Judaism
Religion was a major part of life in all early civilizations.
Development of religious traditions
Polytheism was practiced by most early civilizations
Monotheism was practiced by the Hebrews

81. The monotheism of Abraham became the foundation for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam – religions that changed the world. The Hebrews were the first to become monotheists.
Origins of Judaism
Abraham (founding father)
Moses (author of the Torah, led the Hebrew slaves out of Egypt)
Jerusalem (King David of Israel first established it as the capital of the united Kingdom of Israel in c BCE)

82. Beliefs, traditions, and customs of Judaism
Belief in one God (monotheism)
Torah, which contains the written records and beliefs of the Jews
Ten Commandments, which state moral and religious conducts
Spread of Judaism
Exile
Diaspora
From Israel
From Judea

83. Rumper Sticker
Write a “Rumper” Sticker for a camel in support of the Ten Commandments. It should encourage people to follow this moral code of behavior.

84. Read Egypt: New find shows slaves didn’t build pyramids (Update).
Pair up for a reading
Read Egypt: New find shows slaves didn’t build pyramids (Update).
With a partner, answer the attached questions.

85. Homework
As the pharaoh’s spy, you have been sent to report on rumors of the developing of a new faith. What would you tell him about the new faith (Judaism) arising in the desert?
Please use a separate sheet of paper.
You must include 4 characteristics of Judaism.

86. Language and Writing Mini Quiz
Warm-up
Language and Writing Mini Quiz

87. WHI.4a – The Persian Empire
Reading on Persepolis…..answer questions.

89. The Persian Empire
The Persian Empire conquered Mesopotamia and so much more!! Where was the Persian Empire?

90. Built on earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamian civilizations
Persia developed the largest empire in the world
Conquered Mesopotamia and adjacent lands

91. How did Persia govern its empire?
Focus in conquering more land to expand religion but…
Tolerance of conquered peoples
Development of imperial bureaucracy – to manage vast lands acquired
Road system to connect the empire for military movements and communication
Zoroastrianism as a religion – monotheistic, based on struggle between good and evil

92. Class Discussion:
What is different about the Persian Empire than other cultures we have studies so far?

93. Read and Summarize: Mesopotamia and the Persian Empire
Carefully read this and on the organizer below, write a single summary sentence for each characteristic and then one summary sentence for the reading as a whole.

94. Homework
Bureaucracy Reading

95. Indus River Valley and Classic India
Classical Indian civilization
Started in the Indus River Valley
Spread to Ganges River Valley
Then to the rest of the subcontinent
Little interruption because of the location

96. Location, Location, Location
Physical barriers, such as the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, and the Indian Ocean, made invasion difficult

97. Migration into India
Mountain passes in the Hindu Kush provided migration routes into the Indian subcontinent

98. Rivers
The Indus and Ganges were the important rivers in the Indian subcontinent

99. Civilizations
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro
Showed signs of urban planning

100. Let’s turn back to our map…

101. Write a summary sentence for Indus River Civilization Patterns

102. Reading: Everyday Life in Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
Complete the reading and answer the questions in your notes.

103. Aryan Invasion Aryans (Indo-Aryans) Migration, assertion of dominance
Caste system, which influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations

105. Briefly explain what your day would be like if you were of the ________________ caste:

106. Golden Age of India
During the Golden Age of classical Indian culture, Indian people made significant contributions to world civilization.

107. Indus River Valley & Classical India Reading
Summarize the reading into the chart provided in your notes.

108. Mauryan Empire – Asoka
Continued political unification of much of India
Contributions: Spread of Buddhism, free hospitals, veterinary clinics, good roads

109. Asoka Video

111. Asoka and the spread of Buddhism

112. Pillars of Asoka

113. Pillars of Asoka

114. Gupta Empire Golden Age of classical Indian culture
Contributions: Mathematics (concept of zero), medical advances (setting bones), astronomy (concept of a round earth), new textiles, literature

115. Hinduism and Buddhism

116. Hinduism

117. Hinduism and Buddhism Reading on henotheism in Hinduism.
Why does Hinduism have so many gods?

119. Hinduism Important contribution to classical India
Hinduism influenced Indian society and culture and is still practiced in India today

120. Beliefs and History Belief in many forms of one God
Reincarnation: Rebirth based upon Karma
Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences
Vedas and Upanishads: Sacred writings
Spread along major trade routes

121. Buddhism

122. Buddhist Reading

123. Buddhism
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in a part of India that is present day Nepal.
Buddhism became a major faith when Asoka sent missionaries throughout Asia
Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Four Noble Truths
Eightfold Path to Enlightenment
Asoka’s missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia

124. Homework
Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism

125. China
Let’s look at the map
Huang He (Yellow)
Great Wall
Silk Road

126. Classical China Centered on the Huang He (Yellow) River
Geographically isolated
Invaders entered China from the North
The Great Wall was built for China’s protection.
Migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North.
Qin Shi Huangdi built the Great Wall as a line of defense against invasions.

129. China was governed by a succession of ruling families called dynasties
Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they served under a Mandate of Heaven only as long as their rule was just.

130. Contributions of classical China
The Silk Road facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome.
Contributions of classical China
Civil service system (people had to take an exam in order to get government jobs)
Paper
Porcelain
Silk

131. Quick Draw
Mandate of Heaven

132. Chinese culture began around 1500 BCE
Chinese culture began around 1500 BCE. Of Chinese contributions to civilization, Confucianism and Taoism are among the most noted.

133. Confucianism Read the Understanding Confucianism article.
Keep in mind:
Founder
When it was founded
Beliefs
Writings

134. Confucianism Video Watch the Confucianism video. Keep in mind: Founder
When it was founded
Beliefs
Writings

136. Impact of Confucianism in forming the social order in China
Belief that humans are good, not bad
Respect for elders
Code of politeness (still used in Chinese society today)
Emphasis on education
Ancestor worship

137. Taoism Read the Understanding Taoism article. Keep in mind: Founder
When it was founded
Beliefs
Writings

138. Taoism video Watch the Taoism video. Keep in mind: Founder
When it was founded
Beliefs
Writings

140. Impact of Taoism in forming Chinese culture and values
Humility
Simple life and inner peace
Harmony with nature

141. Yin and yang represented opposites for Confucianism and Taoism
Chinese forms of Buddhism spread throughout Asia

142. Which was more important?
Great Wall or Silk Road

143. Confucius Reading

144. Big Idea in your own words
LAO TSE POEM
Big Idea in your own words

145. Generalization
Review facts about each of the topics we have studies below.
Write one clear sentence with a narrow generalization under which all information could fit.

146. Judaism
Zoroastrianism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Taoism

147. Founder
Books
Mono/Poly
Beliefs
Where