1. © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 1 Introduction to the Structural Units

2. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy –Shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another Physiology –Function of each body part and how the functions of various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

3. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Branches of Anatomy Gross anatomy –Studies Large/easily observed structures on an organism Dissection & visible inspection with naked eye Microscopic anatomy –See though microscope 1.Cytology- study of structure/function/dev of cells 2.Histology- study of tissue & organs

4. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Branches of Anatomy Developmental anatomy –Studies growth & development of organism during lifetime Embryology- studies formation of organism from egg to birth Comparative anatomy –Human compared to animals Systematic anatomy –Study of organs Ex: dermatology, endocrinology, neurology

5. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Create a foldable… Branches Of Anatomy -Anatomy -Physiology -Gross -Developmental -Cytology -Histology -Microscopic -Embryology -Comparative -Systematic

6. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. QUIZ TIME 1. Cytology- 2. Histology- 3. Anatomy- 4. Physiology- 5. Comparative-

7. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Anatomical Position

8. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction Anterior or ventral –Front or in front of Posterior or dorsal –Back or in back of Cephalic/Crainal and caudal –Toward the “head end” or “tail end” Superior and inferior –Above or below another

9. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction Medial and lateral –Toward or away from the midline Proximal and distal –Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin Superficial/external and internal –On or near the surface or deep inside

10. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. If you are standing straight with your hands at your sides, where are your arms located in relation to your body? 1.Superior 2.Caudal 3.Lateral 4.Ventral

11. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. George has a cramp in the posterior part of his leg. Where is the cramp? 1.Ankle 2.Knee 3.Shin 4.Calf

12. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. An autopsy photo shows the dorsal/posterior side of the victim. What could you see in the photograph? 1.Back of the head 2.Kidneys 3.Knees 4.Front of the abdomen

13. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Of the following, what structures are the MOST medial? 1.Ears 2.Hips 3.Eyes 4.Lips

14. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Create a foldable… Anatomic Terminology Anterior or Ventral Posterior or Dorsal Cranial vs Caudal Superior vs Inferior Medial vs Lateral Proximal vs Distal Superficial/External vs Deep/Internal

15. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Planes and Sections Sagittal plane –Right and left parts Midsagittal plane –Equal right and left parts Coronal (frontal) plane –Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane Transverse or cross section –Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

16. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning.

17. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Terms for Location or Position and Direction © 2014 Cengage Learning.

18. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Planes and Sections © 2014 Cengage Learning.

19. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. If the body were cut in a transverse plane, what organ would NOT be in the same half as the other three? 1.Brain 2.Bladder 3.Lungs 4.Heart

20. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. If you divided the body with a midsagittal plane and added up the number of eyes, arms and toes on one side, how many would you have? 1.5 2.7 3.9 4.12

21. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Media Link TIME!!!!!! Body Planes

22. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Cavities © 2014 Cengage Learning.

23. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Cavities Dorsal cavity –Brain and spinal cord –Cranial cavity –Spinal cavity Thoracic cavity –Chest area Abdominopelvic cavity –Abdominal cavity –Pelvic cavity

24. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity –Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts Nasal cavity –Parts that form the nose Buccal cavity –Teeth and tongue

25. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

27. What cavity would a surgeon enter to repair a heart defect? 1.Dorsal 2.Thoracic 3.Abdominal 4.Pelvic

28. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. QUIZ time

29. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Review of Body Cavities

30. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Epigastric region (upper) –Just below sternum Right and left hypochondriac –Just below ribs Umbilical (middle) –Located around the navel

31. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions Right and left lumbar –Extend from anterior to posterior Hypogastric (lower) –Pubic area Right and left iliac –Also called right and left inguinal areas

32. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions © 2014 Cengage Learning.

33. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4 Abdominal Quadrants

34. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Did you know?????? If you are having RLQ pain or Right inguinal area pain, this area is PAINFUL when a person has appendicitis.

35. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. FOLDABLE TIME!!!!!

36. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. GROUP WORK Life-size Anatomical Position Poster Draw an outline of somebody in your group's body… 1. In other words, pick somebody from your group & trace the outline of their body 2. Next, Draw & Label the terms we just discussed for location or positon & direction 3. Everybody must participate to get a grade Draw & label the following: A. body planes & sections B. body cavities C. the nine regions of the abdominopelvic cavity D. the four divisions of the abdominal quadrants E. Directional terms

37. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Living organisms may be one-celled organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc. All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions. These functions allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves.

38. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Movement –Muscle system Ingestion –Digestive system Digestion –Digestive system

39. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Transport –Circulatory system Respiration –Respiratory system Synthesis –Digestive system

40. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Assimilation –Digestive system Growth –Skeletal system Secretion –Endocrine system

41. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Life Functions Excretion –Urinary system Regulation (sensitivity) –Nervous system Reproduction –Reproductive system

42. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Human Development Cells Tissues Organs Organ system

43. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Body Processes Metabolism –Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions Anabolism –Building up Catabolism –Breaking down

44. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Homeostasis Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits Essential to survival Works on a negative feedback system

45. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Metric System Measurements for length, weight, and volume A decimal system Based on the power of ten Uses prefixes such as centi-, milli-, and micro- Lengths measured in meters Weights measured in grams Volumes measured in liters

46. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Metric System 5mL=1 teaspoon 15mL=1 tablespoon 30mL=1 ounce