1. Recap… What are the criteria we use to design a protected area?

2. Learning outcomes You should all be able to: Identify the techniques used in the species-based approach to conservation. Most of you should be able to Discuss and evaluate the strengths and weakness of this approach to conservation.} What are the first questions that come to mind when you see this outcome?

3. There are two types of conservation strategy… Species-based conservation Area / habitat-based conservation http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/eastern_himalaya/about/ species/ http://whitleyaward.org/winners/conserving-kwakuchinja-corridor-tanzania/ What do you think the differences are? Can you think of a specific example of a strategy for each one?

4. Species-based approach? The conservation of individual species. Species can be singled out for conservation if they fall into one or more of these categories: – Threatened – Ecologically important – Useful to humans – Species with non-use value (aesthetic) Can you think of some examples of species that may fit into these criteria?

5. Different approaches CITES – Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Zoos Captive breeding Botanical Gardens and Seed Banks

6. Illegal wildlife trade… http://worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-wildlife-trade http://www.dw.de/cites-meeting-aims-to-end-illegal-wildlife-trade/a-16663610 http://www.ourplanet.com/imgversn/105/kendall.html http://www.cawtglobal.org/wildlife-crime/

7. International trade of wild animals is worth billions of dollars ever year – involves hundreds of millions of plants and animals. International agreement set up between governments to protect the many species which are becoming extinct. Governments sign up voluntarily and have to write their own national laws. It has dramatically reduced the trade in endangered wild species – both live animals and animals parts Voluntary and countries can opt out Penalties don’t always match the gravity of the crime The Convention on International Trade in endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

8. Appendix I – species cannot be traded internationally (includes all primates and cetacea) Appendix II – species can be traded internationally but within strict regulations ensuring sustainability Appendix III – a species included at the request of a country

9. Captive breeding and Zoos Strengths? Weaknesses?

10. Things to think about… Do you think keeping animals for humans to look at is a pointless exercise or does it have a value? What is it? Do we have the right to capture and cage other species even if we treat them well? If there is a choice between allowing a species to become extinct or keeping the last few individuals in a zoo? Which is right? TOK moment

11. Aesthetic vs Ecological value? When prioritising the reasons for conserving species most of you put aesthetic value at the bottom of the list. However, the species-based approach tends to involve high profile charismatic species that will get your attention. Sea OtterBengal Tiger Golden Lion Tamarin Hawksbill Turtle Giant Panda

12. Article Read the guardian article: “Meerkats, chimps and pandas: the cute and the furry attract scientists' attention and conservation funding” As you’re reading identify and note down the advantages and disadvantages of this aesthetic approach.

13. Review… What does the species-based approach to conservation include? Remember that you should be able to evaluate the approach… what does that mean? What are some of the strengths? What are some of the weaknesses?