1. 1. PSYCHOANALYSIS: 2. HUMANISTIC: 3. COGNITIVE: 4. BEHAVIORAL: 5. SOCIAL-CULTURAL: 6. BIOLOGICAL: 7. EVOLUTIONARY: Write the key word/phrase that best summarizes each perspective:

2. Theories of Personality

3. REPRESSED MEMORIES AND URGES IN THE UNCONSCIOUS CREATE PERSONALITY. Psychoanalytic

4. Sigmund Freud Free Association Dream Analysis Id, Ego, Superego Defense Mechanisms Psychosexual stages Complex/Fixation Identification

5. Karen Horney Childhood Anxiety Womb Envy

6. Alfred Adler Inferiority Complex Overcompensation Birth Order

7. Carl Jung Collective Unconscious Archetypes

8. Evaluation Projective Tests Evaluation

9. Criticism Too much Sex and Aggression Too little consciousness Generalized from “neurotic” to normal Can’t measure Not enough peer influence Lifelong Development Unconscious = Information Processing Repression is rare

10. EMPHASIZES FREEDOM, UNIQUENESS, AND POTENTIAL FOR PERSONAL GROWTH PHENOMEMOLOGICAL APPROACH: SUBJECTIVE AWARENESS IS MOST IMPORTANT. Humanistic

11. Carl Rogers Person-Centered Genuine, Acceptance & Empathy Self Concept Congruent or Incongruent Self Concept Conditional vs. Unconditional Positive Regard

12. Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Self Actualization Healthy Personality Characteristics

13. Evaluation Interviews Preferred Ideal vs. Actual Self

14. Criticisms Western Culture Bias Subjective Could lead to selfishness, immorality and self indulgence

15. FOCUS ON GENES & PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF PERSONALITY Trait/Biological

16. William Sheldon Body Type = Personality Ectomorph Endomorph Mesomorph

17. Gordon Allport Cardinal Central Secondary

18. Hans & Sybil Eysenck 2-3 Dimensions Factor Analysis

19. Norman, Costa & McCrae Big 5 Factors

20. Raymond Cattell 16 Personality Factors

21. Evaluation MMPI MMPI-2 Myers-Briggs 16 PF Big 5 Factors Peer Review

22. Criticisms Couldn’t replicate Sheldon’s findings Person or Situation?  Mischel = Situation Expressive Style is not always consistent

23. PERSONALITY IS A COLLECTION OF RESPONSE TENDENCIES TO STIMULUS SITUATIONS Behaviorism

24. B. F. Skinner Positive & Negative Reinforcement Extinction Punishment

25. Evaluation Monitor observable behaviors

26. Criticism Disregards cognition

27. PERSONALITY EVOLVES FROM INTERACTION OF THE PERSON, HIS/HER THOUGHTS AND SOCIAL CONTEXT Social-Cognitive

28. Alfred Bandura Reciprocal Determinism Personal Control: External vs. Internal

29. Martin Seligman Learned Helplessness Locus of Control

30. Fritz Heider Attributional Style: How events are blamed/explained Internal or External Weiner: Internal, Stable, Global

31. Evaluation Simulation Look at behavior in past similar situations

32. Criticisms Too much situation focus Traits have a tendency to shine Too narrow: Leaves a lot of questions

33. FOCUSES ON THE EFFECT OF ONE’S SENSE OF SELF IN PERSONALITY Self Psychology

34. Hazel Markus Dream of Becoming Fear of Becoming

35. Thomas Gilovich Spotlight Effect Self-Serving Bias Culture & The Self  High/Low Self Esteem  Individualist vs. Collectivist

36. Evaluation Look at common personality characteristics within cultures Solitary Traveler?