1. Cellular Respiration

2. What does respiration mean to you?

3. Cellular Respiration is breathing on a cellular level

4. types  Aerobic: requiring oxygen  Anaerobic: not requiring oxygen  For how long can you sprint before you get tired?

5. Definition  Aerobic respiration is a cellular process where glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP for the cell.  There are 3 stages to cellular respiration.

6. Glycolysis  Occurs in the cytoplasm  Anaerobic (does not use O 2 )  Glucose is torn in half producing 2 molecules of pyruvate.  Some energy is released when the chemical bonds are broken making 2 molecules of ATP.  Hydrogen is also released and is picked up by an electron carrier (NAD)

7. Produces 2 molecules of ATP

8. mitochondria  Organelle found in most cells.  Contains highly folded membrane known as the cristae.  Known as the powerhouse of the cell.

9. mitochondria  Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is immediately converted into acetic acid by removing some CO 2 and hydrogen

10. Kreb’s Cycle  Acetic acid is completely broken down to release CO 2, hydrogen and energy to make ATP Produces 2 moles of ATP

11. Electron Transport Chain  All hydrogen that has been released from glucose throughout the entire process is sent down the ETC to produce ATP  Actually occurs on the cristae Produces 32 molecules of ATP

12. Aerobic process Don’t worry! There is a picture soon to follow!

13. That’s it? But we never discussed Oxygen!  Oxygen is the final electron acceptor.  After Hydrogen moves down the ETC, oxygen is waiting to pick it up and carry it away as water  2H + O  H 2 O Pay attention! This is very important!

14.  If no oxygen is present, the ETC can’t happen and ATP can not be produced.  If the cell does not have enough ATP for cellular processes, it dies.  Cells begin to die after 3 minutes without oxygen.

15. Fermentation

16. fermentation  Some organisms can produce ATP from glucose in the absence of oxygen through a process known as fermentation.  Only 2 molecules of ATP are produced.  Only microorganisms can live off of fermentation (small amount of ATP).

17. Alcoholic fermentation  Glycolysis occurs just as in aerobic respiration, but for one reason or another (either no mitochondria or no oxygen) the process is halted.  CO 2 is removed from pyruvate and H is added to produce ethanol. Bubbles are produced during alcoholic fermentation.

18. Alcoholic fermentation

19. Alcoholic Fermentation  Yeast uses alcoholic fermentation.  We use yeast to carry out alcoholic fermentation to make bread and alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine.  Remember that CO 2 (bubbles) are produced during alcoholic fermentation.

20. Lactic Acid Fermentation  Glycolysis occurs as before.  H is added back to pyruvate in a different format producing Lactic Acid.  Lactic acid is the burn you feel while exercising. No bubbles! You wouldn’t want bubbles in your muscles!

21. Lactic Acid Fermentation

22.  Different types of bacteria carry out lactic acid as well as your muscle fibers(cells).  This is how cheese, yogurt, sour cream, sauerkraut and pickles are made. Nobody wants bubbles in their yogurt!