1. How do living things release energy?
Cellular Respiration
How do living things release energy?

2. What do the mitochondria do?

3. Cellular Respiration Overview
Definition: Process that breaks down glucose, in the presence of oxygen, to release energy (ATP)
Who can do respiration? Occurs in BOTH plant and animal cells (eukaryotes)
Breaks down one molecule of glucose to produce 36 ATPs.
Clear up: What does, “In the presence of oxygen” mean?

4. Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP +  + +
Glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
ATP

5. Photosynthesis/Respiration Cycle
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of respiration.

6. The products of one are the reactants of the other……
Photosynthesis
6CO2 +
6H2O
C6H12O6 +
6O2
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 +
6O2
6CO2 +
6H2O +
36 ATPs

7. They are like “mirror images"

8. Cellular Respiration Stages
Multiple stages where glucose is broken down & used to make ATP
Starting point:
Where?
What?
In the cytoplasm
Breakdown of glucose

9. Where on the flow-chart are we?

10. Step 1: Glycolysis (Glyco-lysis)
Location: Cytoplasm
Take glucose and break it in half
Releases 2 ATPs C C C C C C C C C
Glucose
Pyruvate C C C
Animation

11. Cytoplasm

12. Glyco-lysis
Ancient Process - all organisms from simple bacteria to humans perform it the same way
What is produced?
Yields 2 ATP
per 1 glucose molecule

13. Step 2: Which path to take?
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Aerobic Respiration
(Cellular Respiration)
Use acoustic and anacoustic to introduce the “an” prefix.

14. Which path to take?
Cytoplasm

15. What if no oxygen is present?
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Oxygen

16. Where on the flow-chart are we?

17. Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic = “not in air”= No O2 required
When no oxygen present, Step 2 is called
fermentation
Images: Bog:
Sewer Treatment Image:
Example: Some organisms live in environments with little or no oxygen (Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment ponds)

18. Anaerobic Respiration = Fermentation
Makes no more ATP
When O2 is not available
Alcoholic Fermentation:
What can do this?
Makes alcohol and CO2 as a byproduct
single cell fungi (yeast)
and some bacteria

19. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Fermentation cont.
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
Who can do this?
Makes Lactic Acid
Humans/Muscle cells

20. Review Anaerobic Respiration
Where is this happening? What does Alcoholic Fermentation produce, & by what? What does Lactic Acid Fermentation Produce & by what?
Cytoplasm
Ethanol, by yeast
Lactic Acid, by muscles

21. What if oxygen is present?
Aerobic Respiration
(Cellular Respiration)
Section 9-2: The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
“Respiration” is a synonym for what?

22. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
What?
Where?
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
Oxygen required
2 more stages of reactions occur after glycolysis when oxygen is present
in the mitochondria
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

23. Where on the flow-chart are we?

24. Krebs Cycle

25. Stage 2: Krebs Cycle Completes the breakdown of sugar Yield: 2 ATP
Animation
Completes the breakdown of sugar
and CO2 is released.
ATP
Yield: 2

26. Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain

27. Where on the flow-chart are we?

28. Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
Animation
Electrons from the Krebs cycle travel through proteins.
Makes 32
ATP

29. Add it all up. How many ATP molecules come out of 1 glucose molecule from cellular respiration?
Total:

30. Aerobic Respiration is efficient!
Energy Total
2 ATP for anaerobic in glycolysis
versus aerobic respiration:
Glycolysis ATP
Krebs Cycle ATP
Electron Transport ATP
Chain ATP 2 2 32 36
Aerobic Respiration is efficient!

31. What do cells use the ATP for ?
Cellular Activities:
Active Transport, Movement, Reproduction,
Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Responses to chemical signals

32. What is the relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration?
The raw materials for cellular respiration are the products from photosynthesis. The raw materials for photosynthesis are the products from cellular respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water
Water + Carbon Dioxide  Glucose + Oxygen

33. Exit Slip Write the equation for respiration.
Which type of fermentation results in sore muscles after running?
List the 3 steps of cellular respiration and how many ATPs form from each.
Aerobic respiration -> total ATPs

34. Do Now
Summary: (on page 3) Use word bank to complete #1-5

35. Energy & Exercise Why? How? Example: Sprint: (~90 seconds)
ATP available for few seconds of energy, then ____________________ will generate ATP
Why?
How?
lactic acid fermentation
Less oxygen in your blood stream so fermentation occurs
NAD+ generated from lactic acid fermentation gets recycled in glycolysis, where 2 ATP molecules are produced

36. Energy & Exercise cont. Long Distance/Time: (over 90 seconds)
________________ is the only way to generate a continuous supply of ATP.
Cellular respiration
Body stores energy in muscle and other tissues as glycogen (carbohydrate) Good for minutes of exercise.
After 20 minutes, body starts to break down other stored molecules (fats) energy.

37. Why do your muscles ache after exercise?
The fermentation process produced __________in your muscles.
How do you get rid of that lactic acid?
Video Clip
lactic acid
Breathe heavy (A chemical pathway that requires extra oxygen).

38. What happens to the rest of the energy in glucose?
Cell respiration can remove 38% of the energy stored in glucose. What happens to the other 62% of energy?
Video Clip
Image

39. How does exercise affect cellular respiration?

40. How does exercise affect cellular respiration?
Trial
Before
After

41. What is the relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration?
Complementary processes for recycling carbon dioxide and oxygen in ecosystems.
The raw materials from one are the products of the other, and vice versa.

42. What is the relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration?
The raw materials for cellular respiration are the products from photosynthesis. The raw materials for photosynthesis are the products from cellular respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water
Water + Carbon Dioxide  Glucose + Oxygen

43. Image: http://www. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www