1. DISTINGUISHING TEST BETWEEN ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Methanol and Ethanol
Ethanol gives iodoform test.where as methanol does not
CH3CH2OH +NaOI NaOH,I2 CH3CHO+NaI+H2O
CH3CHO+3NaOI-CHI3+HCOONa+2NaOH
CH3OH+-NaOI---.>No reaction

2. Etanol and Phenol Ethanol gives iodofrm test,where as phenol dose not
CH3CH2OH+NaOICHI3+HCOONa+NaOH
C6H5OH+NaOINO reaction
Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3
3C6H5OH+FeCl3(C6H5O)3Fe+3HCl

3. 1PROPANOL AND 2PROPANOL
2Propanol gives iodoform test but 1 propanol does not
CH3
CH3-CH-OH+4i2+6NaOH--CHI3 +CH3COONa + 5NaI +5H2O

4. 1-Butanol and 2-Butanol
2-Butanol contains CH3CHOH group and gives yellow ppt. with NaOH, I2 (Iodoform test) on the hand 1-Butanol d oes not give yellow ppt. with NaOH,I NaOH,I2 CH3CH CH2 CH  CHI3 OH NaOH,I2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH  NO YELLOW ppt.

5. 1Propanol and 2-methyl 2 –propanol
2-Methyl 2-propanol reacts with Lucas reagent . (Anhy.ZnCl2 + HCl ) giving turbidity
Immediately
CH CH3
ZnCl2,HCl CH3- C -OH  CH3-C Cl
CH CH3

6. 1Propanol being primary alchol does not produce turbidity
at room temperature
CH3 CH2 CH2OH  NO turbidity at room temperature
( Lucas reagent)

7. Ethanol and Benzyl alcohol
These can be distinguished by Iodoform test
Ethanol gives Iodoform test but Benzyl alcohol does not
CH3CH2OH +NaOI CH3CHO + H2O +NaI
CH3CHO NaOI  CHI HCOONA + 2 NaOH
C6H5CH2OH +3NaOI No yellow ppt of CHI3

8. Methanol and phenol
Litmus test Phenol being acidic turn blue litmus red while methanol being neutral
Does not gives this test.
FeCl3 test Phenols gives violet colouration with FeCl3 solution while methanol
Does not.
3C6H5OH FeCl Fe(OC6H5) HCl
(violet complex)
CH3OH + FeCl  no reaction

9. Formaldeyhyde and Acetyaldehyde
Formaldehyde gives yellow ppt with an alkaline solution ofiodine
CH3CHO +4NaOH +3I  CHI HCOONa +3H2O +3Nai
Formaldeyhyde does not give this test.

10. Acetaldehyde and Acetone
Acetaldehyde gives silver mirror with Tollen;s reagent
CH3CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2OH  CH3COONH4 + 2Ag +H2O +3NH3
Acetone does not give this test
Acetaldehyde gives red ppt with Fehling solutions
CH3CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 +2NaOH  CH3COONa +Cu2O +3H2O
[Fehling solution] Red ppt.

11. Benzaldehyde and ACETALDEHYDE
Acetaldehyde gives yellow ppt. with iodoform(NaOH,I2) While benzaldehyde does not
Give this test.
CH3CHO + 4NaOH + 3I CHI3 + HCOONa +3H2O +3NaI
Benzal Dehyde does not give this test.

12. Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone
Benzaldehyde forms silver with ammonical silver nitrate solution(Tollen;s reagent)
Acetophenone does not
C6H5CHO [Ag (NH3)2OH C6H5COONH Ag 3NH3 +H2O
Acetophenone forms yellow ppt of iodoforrm with alkaline solution of iodine.
Benzaldehyde does not.
C6H5COCH3 +4NaOH + 3I2 --C6H5COONa + CHI NaI

13. 3Pentatone and 2Pentanone
2Pentatone forms yellow ppt with iodoform but 3Pentatone does not give iodoform test
CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +3I2 +4NaOH --CH3CH2CH2C00Na +CHI3 +3H2O +3NaI
2Pentatone gives white ppt with sodium bisulphite while 3pentatone does not give. OH
CH3COCH2CH2CH3 +NaHSO3 -CH3CH2CH2C –SO3Na
CH3

14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FORMIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID
Formic acid give Tollen;s reagent test.
HCOOH + 2 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + 2 OH- → 2 Ag + CO2 + 2H2O + 4 NH3
Acetic acid does not give this test

15. Acetic acid and Acetone
Acetic acid reacts with NaHCO3 To give effervescence due to evoltion of CO2.
CH3COOH NaHCO3 --- CH3COONa + H2O CO2
Acetone does not give effervescence with NaHCO3
Acetone will react with alkaline solution of iodine to give yellow ppt due to formation of iodoform.
CH3COCH NaOI CHI CH3COONa .

16. Phenol and Benzoic acid
Benzoic acid react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2.
C6H5COOH + NaHCO  C6H5COONa + H CO2 .
Phenol does not give this test .
Phenol will give violet colour with .FeCl3 solution but Benzoic acid does not give this test.
3C6H5COOH + FeCl  (C6H5O)3Fe HCl.

17. Phenol and Acetic acid .
Acetic react with NaHCO3 to give effervescence due to evolution of CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO  CH3COONa CO H2O
Phenol does not give this test
C6H5COOH + NaHCO  No reaction
Phenol gives violet colour with FeCl3 but acetic acid gives buff coloured ppt.
3C6H5OH + FeCl3 --(C6H5O) HCl
3CH3COOH + FeCl .. (CH3COO)3 Fe HCl
Buff ppt

18. Ethanol and Acetic acid
Aceetic acid give effervescence with NaHCO3due to liberation of CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO CH3COONa + H2O +CO2
Ethanol gives yellow ppt eith alkaline solution of I2 ,butacetic does not give this test.
NaOH ,I2
CH3COOH  CHI HCOONa

19. Ethyl amine and Aniline
Azo dye test
Dissolve the compound in conc.HCl and add ice cold solution of HNO2 (NaNO2+dil HCl)) and then add phenol .

21. Ethyl amine does not give this test .