1. Chapter Fifteen Aldehydes And Ketones

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 2 PhotoDisc Aldehydes and Ketones →CO 15.1 Benzaldehyde is the main flavor component of almonds.

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 3 ←Fig. 15.1 Aldehydes and ketones are related to alcohols in the same manner that alkenes are related to alkanes. Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 4 ←Fig. 15.2 Benzaldehyde, the simplest aromatic aldehyde.. Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 5 Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d © Harvey Lloyd/Peter Arnold, Inc. ←C.C 15.1

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 6 Aldehydes and Ketones →Fig. 15.3 Aldehydes and ketones with the same number of carbon atoms and the same degree of saturation are structural isomers.

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 7 ←Fig. 15.4 Formalin is used to preserve biological specimens. Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d © 2005 Norbert Wu / www.norbertwu.com

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 8 ←Table 15.1 Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d © 2005 Norbert Wu / www.norbertwu.com

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 9 © Steven Needham / Envision Aldehydes and Ketones →Fig. 15.5 The delightful odor of melted butter is largely due to butanedione.

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 10 ←Table 15.2 Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 11 ←Fig. 15.6 Physical-state summary for unbranched aldehydes and unbranched 2-ketones at room temperature and pressure. Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 12 Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d © S. McCutcheon / Visuals Unlimited ←CC 15.2

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 13 Aldehydes and Ketones Fig. 15.7

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 14 Aldehydes and Ketones Table 15.3

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 15 Aldehydes and Ketones CC 15.3 Diabetes, aldehyde oxidation, and glucose testing

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 16 Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d (c) The inside of the beaker becomes coated with metallic silver. (b) The solution darkens as ethanal is oxidized to ethanoic acid. Figs. 15.8 a-c (a) An aqueous solution of ethanal is added to a solution of silver nitrate.

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 17 Aldehydes and Ketones →Fig. 15.9 Benedict’s solution turns brick red when an aldehyde reacts with it.

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 18 Fig. 15.10 Acetaldehyde and its hemiacetal and acetal formed by reaction with ethyl alcohol. Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 19 Aldehydes and Ketones Fig. 15.11 When a mixture of phenol and formaldehyde dissolved in acetic acid is treated with concentrated hydrocloric acid, a cross-linked phenolformaldehyde network polymer is formed.

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 20 Aldehydes and Ketones  CC 15.4

21. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.15 | 21 ←Fig. 15.12 Bakelite jewelry in use during the 1930-1950 time period. Aldehydes and Ketones cont’d © Coco McCoy / Rainbow