1. AGRICULTURE IN INDIA

2. Types of farming
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming

3. Subsistence farming Primitive subsistence farming
Practiced in the densely populated regions of the world.
Usually no surplus left for sale.
Primitive subsistence farming
Intensive subsistence farming

4. 1)Intensive subsistence farming
Practiced in overpopulated regions of South Asia.
Very small size land holdings because of law of inheritance.
Farming done intensely to get maximum yield.

6. 2)Primitive subsistence farming
Also called jhumming or shifting agriculture.
Also called slash and burn agriculture.
Practised in backward areas by tribal people.
Primitive tools are used.
Not environment friendly.

8. Commercial farming Plantation farming Mixed farming
Is practised for sale of crops.
May be intensive or extensive.
Plantation farming
Mixed farming
Intensive commercial farming
Extensive commercial farming

9. 1)Intensive commercial farming
Size of holding is small.
Maximum yield with irrigation,fertilisers and hybrid seeds.
Food crops.
Mainly practised in river valleys.

11. 2)Extensive commercial farming
Practised mainly in sparsely populated areas with ample area for cultivation.
Single crop- wheat, corn, barley.
Mechanised farming.
Mostly practised in temperate lands.

13. 3)Mixed farming
Involves livestock raising and cultivation of crops on the same farm.
Modern machinery used.
Cattle and poultry thrive on farm wastes.
Animals provide substitute income.

15. 4) Plantation farming Predominance of a single crop farming.
Raised on large estates of about 100acres each.
Are scientifically managed.
Crops raised only for sale.
Involves large number of labourers and huge capital outlay.
Common in Kerala.

17. Problems of agriculture in India
Cultivated land depends on monsoon rainfall.
Soil erosion leading to soil infertility.
Illiteracy leading to farmers using outdated methods of cultivation.
Fragmented lands holdings.
Farmers are not owners.
Unsound credit system.

18. Solutions Increasing the health of farmers. Better credit facilities.
Prevention of fragmentation and reclaiming land.
Tiller made the owner.
New irrigation schemes that reach even remote villages.
Farmers educated on scientific farming methods.
Forming coopertatives, offering incentives and bonus.