1. Key Concepts The individual substances in a heterogeneous mixture remain distinct. Two types of heterogeneous mixtures are suspensions and colloids. Brownian motion is the erratic movement of colloid particles. Colloids exhibit the Tyndall effect. A solution can exist as a gas, a liquid, or a solid, depending on the solvent. Solutes in a solution can be gases, liquids, or solids. SECTION 14.1 Types of Mixtures Study Guide

2. Concentrations can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively. Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution. Molality is the ratio of the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent. Study Guide Key Concepts SECTION 14.2 Solution Concentration

3. The number of moles of solute does not change during a dilution. M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2 Study Guide SECTION 14.2 Solution Concentration Key Concepts

4. The process of solvation involves solute particles surrounded by solvent particles. Solutions can be unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated. Henry’s law states that at a given temperature, the solubility (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure (P) of the gas above the liquid. Study Guide SECTION 14.3 Factors Affecting Solvation Key Concepts

5. Nonvolatile solutes lower the vapor pressure of a solution. Boiling point elevation is directly related to the solution’s molality. ∆T b = K b m A solution’s freezing point is always lower than that of the pure solvent. ∆T f = K f m Osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute particles in a given volume. Study Guide SECTION 14.4 Colligative Properties of Solutions Key Concepts

6. The scattering of light by dispersed solids in a colloid is known as ____. A.Tyndall effect B.Brownian motion C.Henry’s law D.Charles’s law CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter Assessment

7. Miscible substances are: A.two liquids that are not soluble in each other B.solids that dissolve in liquids C.solids that do not dissolve in liquids D.two liquids that are soluble in each other SECTION 14.1 Section Check

8. The jerky, random movement of particles in a liquid colloid is known as ____. A.Brownian motion B.Tyndall effect C.Charles’s Law D.kinetic energy SECTION 14.1 Section Check

9. Which is NOT a quantitative measure of concentration? A.molarity B.molality C.percent by mass D.dilute SECTION 14.2 Section Check

10. The number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution is called ____. A.molarity B.molality C.percent by volume D.percent by mass SECTION 14.2 Section Check

11. For a given amount, which type of solution contains the LEAST amount of solute? A.solvated B.saturated C.supersaturated D.unsaturated SECTION 14.3 Section Check

12. At a given temperature, the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to what? A.volume B.mass C.molarity D.pressure SECTION 14.3 Section Check

13. Nonvolatile solutes ____ the vapor pressure of a solution. A.increase B.decrease C.do not change D.unpredictably change SECTION 14.4 Section Check

14. Colligative properties of a solution depend on: A.the type of solute B.the type of solvent C.the vapor pressure of the solvent D.the number of particles of solute SECTION 14.4 Section Check

15. Molality is: A.the number of moles of solute divided by liters of solution B.the volume of solute divided by liters of solution C.the volume of solute divided by the volume of solution D.the number of moles of solute divided by kg of solvent CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter Assessment

16. Which is NOT a type of solution? A.saturated B.unsaturated C.polyunsaturated D.supersaturated CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter Assessment

17. The addition of a nonvolatile solute to a solution: A.increases the freezing point of the solution B.increases the vapor pressure of the solution C.lowers the boiling point of the solution D.decreases vapor pressure of the solution CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter Assessment

18. Solutes in a solution can be: A.liquids only B.liquids and solids only C.gases and solids only D.gases, liquids, or solids CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Chapter Assessment

19. Which is NOT an intensive physical property? A.volume B.hardness C.density D.boiling point CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Standardized Test Practice

20. Cl 2 (g) + 2NO(g) → 2NOCl is what type of reaction? A.dehydration B.synthesis C.fusion D.replacement CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Standardized Test Practice

21. If 8 mol of H 2 is used, how many moles of Fe will be produced? Please note: Assume H 2 is the limiting reactant Fe 3 O 4 (s) + 4H 2 →3Fe(s) + 4H 2 O(l) A.2 B.3 C.4 D.6 CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Standardized Test Practice

22. Which is NOT a colligative property? A.heat of solution B.boiling point elevation C.vapor pressure lowering D.freezing point depression CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Standardized Test Practice

23. Nonvolatile solutes _____ the boiling point of a solution. A.increase B.decrease C.do not change D.unpredictably change CHAPTER 14 Mixtures and Solutions Standardized Test Practice

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