1. Social Structure and Social Interaction Chapter 4

2. Chapter Overview I.“Quiz” II.Overview of Social Structure and Social Interaction III.Macro Level: Social Structure IV.Micro Level: Everyday Social Interaction V.Review

3. I. Introductory “Quiz”

4. 1. Social class is alive and well in the U.S. and guides our behavior. True

5. 2. Each of us plays a social role. True

6. 3. The domestication of plants and animals caused social inequality. True

7. 4. The public would not consider a woman who is a size 14 to be sex symbol. False

8. 5. The media pressures men to hate their bodies. False

9. 6. More people are effected by economics than any other social institution. False

10. 7. Hunting and gathering societies are the only societies that are completely egalitarian. True

11. 8. About 25% of the US workforce is employed in service industries. False

12. 9. People in service- oriented societies either provide or apply information. True

13. 10. If people define situations as real, they are real. According to Thomas Theorem, True.

14. II. Overview of Social Structure and Social Interaction A.Charts B.Vocabulary

15. Society Composed of five institutional spheres I.Politics II.Family III.Religion IV.Economics V.Education Components of Social Structure

16. Components of Each Institutional Sphere A.Institutional structure 1.Organizations (larger, more formal groups) 2.Groups (two or more interacting people, sharing an identity) 3.Statuses (positions within an organization or group) 4.Roles (behavior attached to status) B.Institutionalized moral beliefs and behavioral rules that support structure 1.Values (moral beliefs) 2.Norms (rules of behavior based on moral beliefs) Micro Macro

17. A.Vocabulary: 1. Levels of Sociological Analysis a. Macrosociology (function & conflict theories) = focus on broad features of society (i.e., social class & how groups are related to each other) b. Microsociology (symbolic interactionists) = emphasis on social interaction (i.e., language used by a certain group & group rules)

18. III. Macro level: Social Structure A.Social structure = typical patterns of a group that guide our behavior B.Major Components (an overview) 1.Culture 2.Social Class 3.Social Status 4.Roles 5.Groups 6.Social Institutions 7.Societies C.Definitions of each

19. C. Definitions of each: 1. Culture = a group’s language, beliefs, values, behaviors, and gestures; the broadest framework that determines what kind of people we are 2. Social Class = a large group of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige; a combination of education, income, and prestige

20. 3.Social status = the position a person occupies a.Status set b.Ascribed status c.Achieved Status d.Master Status e.Status symbols

21. 4.Roles = the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status –You occupy a status –You play a role –We usually want to do that which our roles indicate is appropriate for us.

22. 5. Group = a collection of people who regularly and consciously interact with one another, who usually share similar values, norms, and expectations; a strong determiner of the members’ behavior So what groups do you belong to?

23. 6. Social Institutions = the solution to a problem How many are there, what are they called, and what do they do?

24. Family Religion Economics Education Politics Law Science Medicine Military Mass Media

25. 7. Society = a group of people who share a culture and a territory

26. The Four Social Revolutions Hunting and Gathering Society Pastoral Society Horticultural Society Agricultural Society Industrial Society Postindustrial Society Agricultural: Invention of the Plough Industrial: Invention of the Steam Engine Information: Invention of the Micro Chip? Domestication: Plants and Animals Emerging

27. Hunting and Gathering

28. Domestication: Horticultural or Pastoral

29. Agricultural

30. Industrial

31. Information

33. See hand-out: “Comparing Traditional And Modern Societies”

34. Urban Makeup of the U.S. Population, 1790-2010

35. B.How Do Societies Stay Together During and After Change? 1.Definition: Social Cohesion = the degree to which a society feels united 2.Theories a. Durkheim Mechanical solidarity Organic solidarity b. Tonnies Gemeinschaft = traditional societies Gesellschaft = modern societies

36. B. Microlevel: Everyday Social Interaction 1.Proxemics Demo A.Intimate distance B.Personal distance C.Social distance D.Public distance

37. 2.Goffman: Dramaturgy = the day to day presentation of self a.Impression management Front stage Back stage b.Role conflict c.Role strain

38. Role Strain You Visit Mom in Hospital Work Emergency Overtime Go to 21 st Birthday Party Study for Test Role Conflict WorkerStudentFriend Son or Daughter

39. Role Conflict Role Strain Student You Not Make Others Look Bad Do Well

40. Role Expectations, Performance, Conflict and Strain

41. 3.Garfinkle: the Social Construction of Reality Or What if everybody thought it was true?

46. V. Review