1. The Constitution By Mr. Hunt

2. Structure and Principles Article I Creates Congress Legislative Branch Describes the two Houses How to make laws

3. Structure and Principles (cont.) Article II Creates Executive Branch Presidency Describes powers and duties of President Qualifications of the Office

4. Structure and Principles (cont.) Article III Supreme Court head of Judicial Branch Gives Congress power to create lower federal courts

5. Structure and Principles (cont.) Article IV Relationships of states to each other and to national gov’t Citizens have same rights in all states Sets up procedure for admitting new states

6. Structure and Principles (cont.) Article V Rules for amending the Constitution

7. Structure and Principles (cont.) Article VI Supremacy clause Constitution is supreme law of the land

8. Structure and Principles (cont.) Article VII Constitution takes effect when ratified by 9 of 13 states.

9. Six Major principles of the Constitution 1. Popular sovereignty Consent of the governed Derives authority from people 2. Federalism States share power with nat. gov’t. 3. Separation of Powers Divide power between 3 branches Prevent one from being too powerful

10. Six Major principles of the Constitution (cont.) 4. Checks and Balances Each branch has some control over the others 5. Judicial Review Court can declare laws unconstitutional 6. Limited Government Restrict actions of gov’t Constitution tells what the gov’t can and cannot do

11. Branches of Gov’t Legislative Enumerated powers – powers given to Congress in the Constitution Economics, defense and other areas 18 th Enumerated power had Elastic Clause Congress can make any laws “necessary and proper” to carry out powers

12. Branches of Gov’t (cont.) Executive Commander-in-chief of Armed Forces Appoints ambassadors, judges, and other officials Makes treaties Calls Congress into special session Meets with foreign officials Ensures laws are executed

13. Branches of Gov’t (cont.) The Supreme Court must depend on the President to carry out its decisions. Judicial Branch Authority over cases involving: US Laws US treaties Interpretations of the Constitution Law of the sea

14. Branches of Gov’t (cont.) Judicial Branch U.S. has 2 levels of courts, federal and state, each with its own jurisdiction The subject of the case and the parties involved determine the jurisdiction of federal courts

15. Amending the Constitution Proposed in 2 ways 2/3rds vote of each house National Convention called by Congress at request of 2/3rds of states Approved in 2 ways Legislatures in 3/4ths of states ratify it Each states calls a ratifying convention Usually a time limit (7 years)

16. Amending the Constitution Article V contains two qualifications No amendment affecting slavery could be made before 1808. No amendment can deprive a state of its equal vote in the Senate without that state’s consent.

18. Informal Changes Congress Changes through law Changes through practices Executive Presidential Succession Foreign Affairs (Executive Agreements) Judicial Judicial Review Changing Court Rulings Other Political Parties

19. The Amendments First 10 = Bill of Rights