1. Amines Biological / Neurological Activity Chem 106 / Dr. Rusay Spring 2004

2. Amines Generally STINK

3. The Way Neurotransmitters Work: 1. Nerve impulse releases neurotransmitter 2. Migrates & binds to 2nd cell 3. Cell produces a signal 4. Neurotransmitter released back to 1st cell Certain amines are important neurotransmitters.

4. Amines & Neurotransmitters

5. Choline - Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Melatonin What happens when acetylcholine is not released? What are the effects of nerve agents such as Sarin & VX?

6. Mild stimulant: effects central nervous system (CNS) 1/2 life in the bloodstream ~ 2 hours Highly addictive Highly toxic: used as an insecticide 0.3-230 mg/kg oral

7. Nicotine

8. Mild stimulant Coffee, tea, colas, Excedrin, No-Doz (~ 100mg/serving or dose) Caffeine 1/2 life in the bloodstream ~ 4 hours

9. Coffee: healthy?…..or not? http://www.sciencedigest.org/0996T.HTM http://www.coffeescience.org/other.html http://safety.science.tamu.edu/carcinogens.html

10. If a student, (A), consumed one dose of caffeine, one hour before Exam 2 and student (M) smoked the equivalent of one dose of nicotine one hour before Exam 2, which student has more stimulant in their system at the start of the exam? How much do they have at the end of the 1 1/2 hour exam? Drug Metabolism / Half Life

11. Adrenalin CholineAcetylcholine

12. Increases oxygen through heart rate and breathing Rapid energy boost in response to stress “Fight or Flight!”

13. Opium based amines Rapid pain killers Highly addictive Controlled substances Note: We produce natural, opiate-like molecules, (endorphins / enkephalins), through high levels of exercise and in women during pregnancy!

15. Extract of leaves of Erythroxylon coca Historical uses: in Coca Cola, as a psycho- therapeutic and as an opthalmic topical anesthetic. Currently a controlled substance under U.S. Federal Regulations: Title 21 secs. 329.1 & 1308.12 (1987). Commonly chewed by indigenous tribes in the Andes. Merck Index, #2450, 11th ed.: Caution: May be habit forming.

17. Acid -Base Chemistry (Physical Properties) m.p. 98 oC (very volatile > 90 oC) Solubility: Water: 1.67 x 10-3 g/mL CHCl3: 1.43 g/mL Ether: 0.29 g/mL

18. “Regular” Cocaine (Physical Properties) m.p. >195 oC Solubility: Water: 2.5 g/mL CHCl 3 : 0.08 g/mL Ether: insoluble

19. Does chocolate give you a rush?

20. Mescaline

21. Cathecols: epinephrine & MDMA http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/mdma.html Epinephrine: principal sympathomimetic adrenal hormone & a controlled substancesubstance