1. 1 Technician Licensing Class These Power Point presentations are available to individuals who register with The W5YI Group’s HamInstructor.com program. The presentations are provided by Master Publishing and The W5YI Group and include material that is covered by U.S. and International copyrights. They are intended solely for the use of Registered Instructors using the Gordon West, WB6NOA, Technician Class, General Class, and Extra Class study manuals to teach FCC Amateur Radio Licensing Classes. Registration through HamInstructor.com constitutes a Licensing Agreement between The W5YI Group and the registered instructor under which the instructor agrees not to copy or distribute the Power Point presentations to unauthorized users.

2. 2 Technician Licensing Class Repeaters Valid July 1, 2014 Through June 30, 2018

3. 3 3 Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation  ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS (Groupings) About Ham Radio Call Signs Control Mind the Rules Tech Frequencies Your First Radio Going Solo  Repeaters Emergency! Weak Signal Propagation

4. 4 4 Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation  ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS (Groupings) Talk to Outer Space! Your Computer Goes Ham Digital! Multi-Mode Radio Excitement Run Some Interference Protection Electrons – Go With the Flow! It’s the Law, per Mr. Ohm! Go Picture These! Antennas Feed Me With Some Good Coax! Safety First!

5. 5 5 Repeaters Before you press the PTT switch, LISTEN to make sure the frequency is clear for use. And when you get your license, listen for a week on a repeater to get the feel for how to communicate.

6. 6 6 Repeaters T1F09 The device that retransmits amateur radio signals within a specific ham band is called a repeater. When you get your new Technician Class license, first do about one week of monitoring – without transmitting – listening to repeater communications. This will give you a good idea on what the proper operating procedures are for that local repeater frequency. I also recommend you join the local repeater club and let club members help you program your new radio equipment for some of the local repeater frequencies.

7. 7 7 Repeaters T1D07 Up on a mountaintop, ham operators have established auxiliary and repeater stations which automatically retransmit your signal to other ham stations. Out in space, space stations may also incorporate automatic equipment to retransmit the radio signal of ham stations. If you are into computers, imagine sending your call sign and the greeting “Hello World,” in data through the International Space Station, and getting a response a few hours later from the other side of the world!

8. 8 8 Repeaters T4B11 When you purchase your new dual-band handheld to get started as a new Technician Class operator, ask the dealer to preprogram several local popular repeater channels in your area. They might do this on a computer, selecting the repeater’s output, and the repeater offset – the difference between the repeater’s output and where the repeater receives your transmit frequencies. You may need a required CTCSS sub-audible tone to activate a repeater to receive your transmit signal.

9. 9 9 Repeaters T2A01 I am happy to report that most new 2 meter/440 MHz dual- band ham radio equipment has automatic repeater offset capability. This means, on the 2 meter band, your transmitter will offset plus or minus 600 kHz. It could go either way, depending on the band plan. Plus or minus. Only one answer with both plus or minus. T2A03 Happy to report that modern, dual-band ham radio equipment offers automatic offsets on the 70 cm, 440 MHz, band. We use a 5 MHz offset, plus or minus, on the 70 cm band.

10. 10 Repeaters T2B04 You just brought home your new dual band, handheld ham radio, but forgot to ask the seller to preprogram some of your local channels. Always get your new transceiver preprogrammed for a few of your local repeater frequencies. It will prevent initial disappointment because there’s a lot to know at first. And today’s frustration is that you’ve tuned into a local powerful repeater, just 1 mile away, but no matter what you do no one hears you respond when they call you during the “net.” Most likely, you missed the correct offset, or the repeater may require a tone burst that you didn’t know about, or, more than likely, the repeater requires a specific CTCSS tone in order for your signal to pass through. Which tone is right? Or maybe the repeater requires a digital coded squelch tone sequence for access, and you don’t have a clue. All of these could spell frustration, unless you get your radio preprogrammed by the dealer, or your local repeater club. Once you have the right tones and offset in, you’ll be on the air!

11. 11 Repeaters

12. 12 Repeaters T2B02 Every mountain top and skyscraper probably has a few ham repeaters atop a small tower. These repeaters are hearing so many signals coming in, including interfering signals, that they need a way of not accidentally self-triggering and turning on when it wasn’t the real signal. What makes a signal into a ham repeater real? The repeater may employ CTCSS tone decode, requiring the ham out there in radioland to encode a specific sub-audible tone that causes the repeater receiver to accept the signal.

13. 13 Repeaters

14. 14 Repeaters CTCSS Tones In Use 67.0 Hz 94.8 Hz 131.8 Hz 171.3 Hz 203.5 Hz 69.3 Hz 97.4 Hz 136.5 Hz 173.8 Hz 206.5 Hz 71.9 Hz 100.0 Hz 141.3 Hz 177.3 Hz 210.7 Hz 74.4 Hz 103.5 Hz 146.2 Hz 179.9 Hz 218.1 Hz 77.0 Hz 107.2 Hz 151.4 Hz 183.5 Hz 225.7 Hz 79.7 Hz 110.9 Hz 156.7 Hz 186.2 Hz 229.1 Hz 82.5 Hz 114.8 Hz 159.8 Hz 189.9 Hz 233.6 Hz 85.4 Hz 118.8 Hz 162.2 Hz 192.8 Hz 241.8 Hz 88.5 Hz 123.0 Hz 165.5 Hz 196.6 Hz 250.3 Hz 91.5 Hz 127.3 Hz 167.9 Hz 199.5 Hz 254.1 Hz

15. 15 Repeaters T2A09 Simply say your call sign and announce that you are monitoring for any call. T1A08 Frequency coordination for VHF and UHF band plans is developed by regional frequency coordinators. It is a huge job because seasoned hams all want their own repeater frequency pairs. Now add requests for simplex coordination for voice-over-Internet systems, and you’ll see that frequency coordination in any local area must balance the needs of all ham radio operators. When you purchase your new two-band VHF/UHF handheld, be sure to buy a USA repeater atlas. This way, when you see your family and friends in San Diego, Seattle, Miami and Connecticut, you’ll know what frequencies and what tones to use for the local repeaters. The “locals” will have fun working you on the airwaves as an out of town guest, and even though you may be driving in a strange area, you’ll have plenty of backup from all your new ham radio friends around you using their local repeater.

16. 16 Repeaters T1A09 The first thing you’ll want to do when your new ham ticket arrives (and I know you’re going to pass the test on the first try) is to get on the air. Start off with a dual-band handheld and enjoy all of the excitement on 2 meters and the 440 MHz band. Here is where you will find all of your local repeaters, and in a few more pages, you’ll learn all that repeaters can do to send your voice throughout your area and, many times, throughout the country and around the World! In urban areas, repeaters on building tops and mountain peaks will fill your radio dial with fascinating conversations. Each repeater is assigned a specific set of operating frequencies so they don’t interfere with each other – like designated parking stalls. Frequency coordinators are fellow ham operators in a local or regional area, voted in to their positions by fellow hams who are active repeater station owners or auxiliary station operators. This is a volunteer job. Frequency coordination keeps our ham radio frequencies and bands clear of interference.

17. 17 Repeaters

18. 18 Repeaters T1F05 Some repeaters have a young lady who greets you with a repeater call sign, the time, and have a nice day! Some may even give you the local temperature at the repeater site. If you are sending and receiving slow-scan and fast-scan pictures and television signals, you can run a video clip that will show your call sign, and this meets the rules. Of course, Morse code (CW) is always allowed as an identification method, but don’t exceed 20- wpm because the FCC says so and that is about the fastest that I can copy myself!

19. 19 Repeaters

20. 20 Repeaters Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool Valid July 1, 2014 Through June 30, 2018

21. 21 T1F09 What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels? A.Beacon station B.Earth station C.Repeater station D.Message forwarding station

22. 22 T1D07 What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations? A.Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth station B.Auxiliary, repeater, or space station C.Beacon, repeater, or space station D.Earth, repeater, or space station

23. 23 T4B11 Which of the following describes the common meaning of the term “repeater offset”? A.The distance between the repeater’s transmit and receive antennas B.The time delay before the repeater timer resets C.The difference between the repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies D.To match the antenna impedance to the feed line impedance

24. 24 T2A01 What is the most common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? A.Plus 500 kHz B.Plus or minus 600 kHz C.Minus 500 kHz D.Only plus 600 kHz

25. 25 T2A03 What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band? A.Plus or minus 5 MHz B.Plus or minus 600 kHz C.Minus 600 kHz D.Plus 600 kHz

26. 26 T2B04 Which of the following common problems might cause you to be able to hear but not access a repeater even when transmitting with the proper offset? A.The repeater receiver may requires audio tone burst for access B.The repeater receiver may requires a CTCSS tone for access C.The repeater receiver may require a DCS tone sequence for access D.All of these choices are correct

27. 27 T2B02 What is the term used to describe the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver? A.Carrier squelch B.Tone burst C.DTMF D.CTCSS

28. 28 T2A09 What brief statement is often transmitted in place of "CQ" to indicate that you are listening on a repeater? A.The words "Hello test" followed by your call sign B.Your call sign C.The repeater call sign followed by your call sign D.The letters "QSY" followed by your call sign

29. 29 T1A08 Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations ? A.Frequency Spectrum Manager B.Frequency Coordinator C.FCC Regional Field Office D.International Telecommunications Union

30. 30 T1A09 Who selects a frequency coordinator? A.The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy B.The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators C.Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be auxiliary or repeater stations D.Regional field Office

31. 31 T1F05 What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals? A.Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT B.Send the call sign using CW or phone emission C.Send the call sign followed by the indicator R D.Send the call sign using only phone emission