2. The Middle Ages: 3 Major Shifts Three major shifts occurred that had far reaching effects on Western civilization: Cultural leadership moved north from the Mediterranean to France, Germany and the British Isles.

3. The Middle Ages: 3 major shifts Christianity triumphed over paganism and barbarism Emphasis shifted from the here-and-now to the hereafter (heaven). The body began to be viewed as corrupt rather than beautiful.

4. Byzantine Art Byzantine refers to eastern Mediterranean art from A.D. 330 when Constantine transferred the seat of the Roman empire from Rome to Constantinople (also called Byzantium)

5. Byzantine Art Constantinople became the center of civilization for early Christian art combined with Greek ornamental style which was rich in color and decoration

6. Byzantine Art: Mosaics Characterized by sumptuous grandeur, halos spotlighting sacred figures and shimmering gold backgrounds.

7. Byzantine Art: Mosaics Flat, stiff human figures were symmetrically placed, seeming to float as if hung from pegs. Tall, slim with almond shaped faces, huge eyes and solemn expressions gazed straight ahead without the least hint of movement

8. Mosaic Comnenus

9. Justinian and Attendants

10. Mosaic of Emperor Justinian

13. Byzantine Art: Haga Sophia Haga Sophia was nearly 3 football fields long Combined Roman rectangular basilica layout with a huge central dome

14. Haga Sophia

16. Byzantine Art: Haga Sophia Pendentives: 4 arches forming a square supported the weight of the dome 40 arched windows encircle the base of the dome so that it appears to rest on a halo of light

17. Haga Sophia

19. Wisconsin Capitol Dome

20. Byzantine Art: Haga Sophia Haga Sophia Video

21. Romanesque Art: Builders borrowed from Roman architecture creating churches with rounded arches and columns Layout of churches was in cruciform, symbolizing the body of Christ on the cross

22. St. Sernin in Toulouse, France

24. Romanesque Art: Romaneque churches were plain on the outside except for sculptural reflief by the main door. Most church-goers were illiterate so the scenes were telling stories in stone.

25. Last Judgement- Autun Cathedral

28. Romanesque Art: Manuscripts were sacred objects created by monks and nuns. Lavishly decorated to reflect their sublime, heavenly content. Studded with gems and gold.

29. Book of Kells

31. The Long Hall