1. JULIUS CAESAR OCTAVIAN AUGUSTUS Do Now: In your binder, make a definition for the following people:

2. Rome Becomes an Empire Caesar was murdered & Octavian took control  Senate named him “Augustus”  Marked the end of Republic – now Roman Empire Expanded the empire  To control hostile neighbors  To control resources – things that were not available in Italy (gold, farmland, metals, cloths, spices)  Increase trade

3. Religion & Roman Expansion Religious tolerance in conquered lands  Allowed people to keep religions  Adopted many customs & beliefs into own religion  Greeks  Didn’t want to offend any gods  Polytheism  Happy people = obedient people Intolerant of religions that were too different  Tried to wipe out the religion  Judaism & Christianity

4. Clashes with the Jews Monotheistic  Jews believed in one god  refused to recognize Roman gods as gods Uprisings  Rome had conquered Judea in 63 BCE  Protests against Roman rule  100s CE – Emperor Hadrian banned some rituals & destroyed Jerusalem & Holy Temple

5. Clashes with the Jews, cont. Religious persecution  “hostility & ill-treatment, especially because of race or political or religious beliefs”  Hadrian imposed heavy taxes, destroyed Jerusalem (rebuilt, brought in new settlers, & forbade them from entering more than once per year)  What do you think were Hadrian’s motives? Problems with Romans led to new religion  Jews believed a new leader would come from God – Messiah  Jesus of Nazareth spread teachings that became Christianity in the 1 st century CE

6. Christianity in the Roman Empire Teachings of Christianity were spread through the empire  Love God  Love other people  Generosity to poor & sick  Love enemies  Salvation for sins  Close, personal relationship with God Attracted many people  Women  Poor Why??

7. Work on Documents 1-4 with your partner Who is Cicero?  What is his profession?  Who do you think were Cicero’s audience for this statement?  What were his motives for making this statement?