1. Hydrosphere Notes Parts 1 – Rivers

2. How does a river develop? When precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration Or from a spring where groundwater reaches the surface the soil becomes saturated the excess water erodes the land eventually forming a river valley

3. What is a river system? it consists of the main stream and all the tributaries within a watershed

4. How does the topography affect the flow of water? the steeper the gradient the faster the water flows which causes rapid erosion

5. What impacts do humans have on flooding? when humans remove natural ground cover for agricultural or urban development or pave areas, runoff increases which can lead to more frequent and intense flooding.

6. What are the three methods of flood control? forest and soil conservation and building dams, artificial levees, and floodways

7. Hydrosphere Notes Parts 2 – Water Distribution

8. How much of Earth's surface is covered by water? Approximately 75 %

9. Oceans Glaciers/Icecaps Groundwater Lakes Atmosphere/Clouds Rivers Soil, Animals, Plants Where is Water Found on Earth?

11. Oceans (97.25%) Glaciers/Icecaps(2.05%) Groundwater (0.68%) Lakes(0.01%) Atmosphere/Clouds(0.001%) Rivers(0.0001%) Soil, Animals, Plants Total Freshwater(<3%) What percentage of Earth’s water is freshwater?

12. 20% What % of Earth’s available, surface, fresh water is in the Great Lakes?

14. Oceans (97.25%) Glaciers/Icecaps(2.05%) Groundwater (0.68%) Lakes(0.01%) Atmosphere/Clouds(0.001%) Rivers(0.0001%) Soil, Animals, Plants Less than 1% is available! What percentage of the Earth’s water is available for human use?

15. – 97% is salty – 2% is locked in ice – Some is trapped underground – Some is in the atmosphere – Some is polluted Why do we have a limited supply of water for our use?

16. Hydrosphere Notes Parts 3-The Hydrologic Cycle

17. Describe the Hydrologic Cycle The continuous movement of water from the earth, to the atmosphere and back down to the surface.

18. How is the water in the hydrologic cycle input and output? The main input is precipitation and the main output is evapotranspiration

19. What is residence time? The length of time water spends in a reservoir

20. What is the difference between a water surplus and a deficit? A surplus is when precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration a deficit is when evapotranspiration is greater than precipitation SURPLUS DEFICIT