1. VIRUSES

2. STRUCTURE

3. How viruses infect – FUNCTION of a virus (double click below)

4. There is no antibiotic drug to take for a viral infection: the flu, ebola, zika virus, swine flu We get vaccinated for these. Remember that viruses have a protein coat. Vaccines are virus particles that have had the DNA inside killed by raising the temperature of them (DNA is heat sensitive), but the temperature is not hot enough to denature the protein coat. The protein coat is what we detect when we are infected. I If our body detects it, it will make antibodies to kill it. We store the antibodies.

5. Genetic engineering

6. Combine the plasmid from the bacteria with the protein coat from the virus THIS CREATES A VECTOR

8. A virus used as a vector

9. These are used to make Genetically modified foods or animals Known commonly as GMO’s

12. What is a roundup ready plant? Soybeans, corn, wheat - We have been eating them for years.

15. Are GMO’s safe? GMO is genetically modified. Just about every plant you grow from a seed has been genetically modified. Hierloom plants are not. Pollination has been controlled by humans forever.

16. Corn -9,000 years ago humans started changing it – this is genetically modifying it.

17. Tomato crossed with a structural gene from the bell pepper. Tastes like tomato.

18. These are “glow fish” – they glow under black lights

19. This is genetically modified also. What is the advantage? Disadvantage?

20. Genetic Engineering can alter humans, too.

22. Human fertilized cell- first divisions

23. STEM CELLS – come from 2 sources 1. fertilized eggs 2. other tissues (incl. adult)

24. Human embryo

25. Watch YouTube “Human Development” HHMI video