1. Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a This material (Comp19_Unit2a) was developed by Johns Hopkins University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000013.

2. Project Life Cycles Learning Objectives—Lecture a Identify process groups and knowledge areas in project management. Differentiate linear, iterative, adaptive, and agile project life cycles. Relate life cycle phases to reviews, milestones, and deliverables. Compare various organizational structures as contexts for managing projects. 2 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

3. Review: Essential Background Knowledge for this Unit Definition of a project: “A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result”* There is incredible variety in projects, IT projects, and health IT projects, differing by factors such as: Complexity of the product, service, or result Number of stakeholders and organizations involved Constraints on budget and schedule *A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), 4 th Ed., Project Management Institute, 2008. 3 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

4. Project Life Cycles in Project Management (PM): Outline PM Elements: Process groups, processes and knowledge areas Life Cycles: Linear, iterative, adaptive, and agile life cycles Phases: Life cycle phases as a basis for reviews, milestones, and deliverables Organizations: Organizational structures as contexts for managing projects 4 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

5. Common Elements of Project Management Amid all the variety in kinds of projects, there are common elements to PM, e.g. –Planning the project –Defining activities that make up the project –Monitoring how the project is going –Responding to changes that occur during a project –Estimating resources -- what do you need to do the project, in time, people, materials? 5 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

6. References Organize and Codify PM Common Elements You don’t need to “go it alone” in PM: Communities of PM professional practice have recognized, organized, and codified PM common elements into guidelines and standards Examples of Community References for PM and project life cycles: Projects: Project Management Institute (PMI), and its Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide), 4th Ed., 2008. IT Projects: International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and international standards, such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 16326:2009, Systems and software engineering, life cycle processes, and project management 6 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

7. PM Common Elements: Processes and Knowledge Areas PM involves common processes A process is a set of related actions directed at accomplishing a specific result, e.g., to estimate project costs, create a plan, collect requirements Successful PM requires broad and deep knowledge Knowledge is required in multiple areas, e.g., managing people, time, cost, risk, and communications 7 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

8. Processes and Process Groups PMI’s PMBOK® identifies 42 processes, organized into 5 groups (examples of processes associated with each group are shown below): Initiating: start a project, identify stakeholders Planning: develop a project management plan, estimate costs, plan communications Executing: direct execution of the project, procure materials and services Monitoring and Controlling: report on project performance, control cost and schedule Closing: bring project activities to a close, obtain final approval from customer 8 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

9. Processes and Process Groups 9 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

10. Processes and Knowledge Areas: Keys to Successful PM For successful PM: Consider using these defined processes as indicated by characteristics of your project Develop your knowledge in all nine areas There is much more to learn about processes and knowledge areas: Consult references to show how processes and knowledge areas are applied in connection with specific PM activities, such as planning, monitoring, controlling a project, and ensuring quality 10 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

11. From Processes to Life Cycles Processes and knowledge areas are a set of valuable PM elements Consider the variety of health IT projects, e.g., –Purchasing and implementing a new patient billing software system –Developing a system for filling prescriptions electronically –Extending the existing electronic health record system to the outpatient center With this variety, there is no single way to apply processes and knowledge areas to a specific project 11 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

12. Every Project Has a Life Cycle Project: Temporary endeavor, with a beginning and end So every project has its own life cycle Project Life Cycle: Framework for managing the unfolding of the project over time Structured as a series of sequential, and possibly over- lapping, phases Life-cycle Phase: Activities focused on a specific outcome Key opportunity for management review and milestone definition for a project 12 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

13. Defining a Project Life Cycle Key characteristics of your project will determine how: To define the life cycle to use To introduce and apply processes from the five process groups To draw upon the nine knowledge areas to manage your project Defining the life cycle for your project is project- specific! 13 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

14. Reference Models for Project Life Cycles 14 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

15. Project Life Cycles Summary—Lecture a We have reviewed some basic tenets of project management: –the definition of project management –an understanding that the many elements within a project can be incredibly complex and varied We have discussed process groups and knowledge areas in process management, and introduced some of the differences between the four types of project life cycles. 15 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a

16. Project Life Cycles References—Lecture a References Highsmith, JA. (2009) Agile Project Management: creating innovative products. 2nd ed; Boston: Pearson Education. Houston S, Bove LA. (2010) Project Management for Healthcare Informatics. New York: Springer Science + Business Media, LLC. Kerzner H. (2009) Project Management: a Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. 10 th ed. Hoboken, NJ.:Wiley. Project Management Institute, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. 4 th ed (2008).Newtown Square, PA: PMI. Whitten N. Neal (2007).Whitten's Let's Talk! More No-nonsense Advice for Project Success. Vienna, VA.:Management Concepts Inc. Wysocki, RK.(2009).Effective Project Management: traditional, agile, extreme. 5th Edition. New York: Wiley. Images Slide 9: Processes and Process Groups. Courtesy Johns Hopkins University Staff Slide 14: Reference Models for Project Life Cycles. Courtesy Johns Hopkins University Staff 16 Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012 Introduction to Project Management Project Life Cycles Lecture a