1. Declarative sentence Basic statement that ends w/ a period

2. Imperative sentence Command (ends w/ period or exclamation point)

3. Interrogatory sentence Question

4. Exclamatory sentence Shows emphasis, excitement, etc. Ends w/ an exclamation point

5. Simple sentence One subject and one verb only Independent clause May have phrases

6. Compound sentence More than 1 subject and/or more than 1 verb Only independent clauses used May have phrases

7. Complex sentence ONLY one independent clause (w/ one subject and one verb only) AND one or more dependent clauses May have phrases

8. Compound-Complex sentence Independent clause has more than 1 subject and/or more than 1 verb AND there is at least 1 dependent clause May have phrases

9. Appositive phrase Phrase that explains a noun, usually surrounded by commas Ex: London, the English city on the Thames, offers many tourist attractions.

10. Cumulative (Loose) Sentence Starts with an independent clause and ends with a dependent clause

11. Periodic Sentence Starts with a dependent clause and ends with an independent clause

12. Rhetorical question creates active involvement with reader or audience by asking them to think

13. Inversion Verb comes before subject Creates emphasis

14. Polysyndeton When a sentence uses several conjunctions (usually and)

15. Asyndeton When a sentence does not use any conjunctions

16. Balanced/Parallel 2 or more words or constructions must be in the same grammatical form (i.e., verbs, infinitives, participles, phrases, etc.)

17. Anaphora repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginnings of successive sentences Ex: It is a luxury, it is a privilege, it is an indulgence

18. Antithesis Contrast of ideas, usually as parallel structure Ex: Love is an ideal thing, marriage is a real thing.

19. Chiasmus The criss-cross or reversal of grammatical structures “mirror image” Ex: I am stuck on Band-Aid ‘cause Band- Aid’s stuck on me.

20. Punctuation Controls pace and flow of sentence Any punctuation except periods or commas is unique and has a purpose (dashes, ellipses, parentheses, etc.)

21. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #1 1. Build excitement or intensity

22. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #2 2. Built to make a point of _____________

23. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #3 3. Explain a point of _____________

24. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #4 4. Pull the reader into the passage

25. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #5 5. Add complexity

26. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #6 6. Create rhythm

27. Purpose of Syntax/Structure #7 7. Build an emotion