1. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory

2. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Introduction
Full wave rectifier is a type of rectifier which converts alternating current voltage into pulsating direct current voltage during both half cycles of applied input voltage. This rectifier acts a heart of circuitry which allows the sensors to attach to the RCX in either polarity.

3. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
What is Full Wave Rectifier
A Full Wave Rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage into a pulsating dc voltage using both half cycles of the applied ac voltage. It uses two diodes of which one conducts during one half cycle while the other conducts during the other half cycle of the applied ac voltage.

4. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Output
The average (DC) output voltage is higher than for half wave rectifier.
The output of the full wave rectifier has much less ripple than that of the half wave rectifier producing a smoother output waveform.

5. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Classification of Full Wave Rectifier
The full wave rectifier can be further divided mainly into following types.
Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier.
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

6. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier
In the center tapped full wave rectifier two diodes were used.
These are connected to the center tapped secondary winding of the transformer.
The positive terminal of two diodes is connected to the two ends of the transformer.
Center tap divides the total secondary voltage into equal parts.
The centre-tap is usually considered as the ground point or the zero voltage reference point.

7. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
Full wave bridge rectifier four diodes are arranged in the form of a bridge.
This configuration provides same polarity output with either polarity.
The main advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special centre tapped transformer.
The single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side

8. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Theory
In a full wave rectifier circuit we use two diodes, one for each half of the wave.
A multiple winding transformer is used whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with a common center tapped connection.
Configuration results in each diode conducting in turn when its anode terminal is positive with respect to the transformer center point C produces an output during both half-cycles.
Full rectifier advantages are flexible compared to that of half wave rectifier.

9. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Full Wave Rectifier Theory

10. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load resistance (RL).
Each diode taking it in turn to supply current to the load resistor.
When point A of the transformer is positive with respect to point A, diode D1 conducts in the forward direction.
When point B is positive in the negative half of the cycle with respect to C point.
The diode D2 conducts in the forward direction and the current flowing through resistor R is in the same direction for both half-cycles of the wave.

11. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
The output voltage across the resistor R is the phasor sum of the two waveforms.
It is also known as a bi-phase circuit.
The spaces between each half-wave developed by each diode is now being filled in by the other.
The average DC output voltage across the load resistor is now double that of the single half-wave rectifier circuit.
VMAX is the maximum peak value in one half of the secondary winding and VRMS is the rms value.

12. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
The peak voltage of the output waveform is the same.
Before the half-wave rectifier provided each half of the transformer windings have the same rms voltage.
To obtain a different DC voltage output different transformer ratios can be used.
There is a disadvantage of this type of full wave rectifier circuit.
A larger transformer for a given power output is required with two separate but identical secondary windings.

13. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
It makes this type of full wave rectifying circuit costly compared to the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier circuit.

14. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
A circuit that produces the same output waveform as the full wave rectifier circuit a is that of the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier.
Single phase rectifier uses four individual rectifying diodes connected in a closed loop bridge configuration to produce the desired output wave.
The advantage of this bridge circuit is that it does not require a special center tapped transformer.
It reduces its size and cost. Single secondary winding is connected to one side of the diode bridge network and the load to the other side.

15. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
The four diodes labelled D1 to D4 are arranged in series pairs with only two diodes conducting current during each half cycle duration.
When the positive half cycle of the supply goes, D1, D2 diodes conduct in a series.
Diodes D3 and D4 are reverse biased and the current flows through the load.
During the negative half cycle, D3 and D4 diodes conduct in a series.
Diodes D1 and D2 switch off as they are now reverse biased configuration.

16. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Working of Full Wave Rectifier
Current flowing through the load is unidirectional mode.
The voltage developed across the load is also unidirectional voltage.
Same as for the previous two diode full-wave rectifier model.
During each half cycle the current flows through two diodes instead of just one diode.
The amplitude of the output voltage is two voltage drops 1.4V less than the input VMAX amplitude.
Ripple frequency is now twice the supply frequency.

17. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Advantages of Full Wave Rectifier
Ripple frequency is two times the input frequency.
The output and efficiency of centre tap full wave rectifier are high because AC supply delivers power during both the halves.
For the same secondary voltage bridge rectifier has double output.

18. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Disadvantages of Full wave Rectifier
It is difficult to locate the centre tap on the secondary winding.
The DC output is small as each diode utilizes only one half of the transformer's secondary Voltages.
The diodes used have high peak inverse voltage.
Full wave rectifier requires more diodes i.e two for centre tap rectifier and four for bridge rectifier.
When a small voltage is required to be rectified this full wave rectifier circuit is not suitable.

19. Full Wave Rectifier Circuit with Working Theory
Conclusion
To design and simulate a Full Wave Rectifier circuit with working theory and the analysis for the full-bridge rectifier circuit. The full-wave rectifier allows us to convert almost all the incoming AC power to DC.