1. GIS Data Shape files, Rasters, Coordinate Systems, ArcGIS

2. Shape files  *.shp files can store different types of geometry  Points  Polylines  Polygons  only 1 type of geometry in a file  Usually accompanied by additional files

3. Shape files, *.dbf  Naming convention  points.shp  points.dbf  Database file  Can view/edit with Excel  Defines attributes of geometry in associated shape file

4. Shape files, *.prj  Naming convention  points.shp  points.prj  Projection file  Text file  Defines spatial reference of the geometry

5. Shape files  Import using File | Open  Displayed in the Project Explorer under GIS Data

6. Rasters  Gridded data  Most common – Image files  gridded colors  jpg, tif, png…  Can store other data besides color  Elevation  concentration

7. Image files  Many formats supported  File | Open to import  Under GIS Data in Project Explorer  Geo-referenced images  world file – *.wld, *.tfw, *.jgw  projection file - *.prj  internally stored

8. Raster/DEM Data *.adf;*.asc;*.bil;*.dem;*.flt;*.las;*.laz;*.tif

9. Raster/DEM Data  Under GIS Data in Project Explorer  Geo-referenced rasters  projection file - *.prj  internally stored  Can interpolate to other data

10. Display Options  Can set color for shapes  Rasters  2D images  3D Points  Shader  Legend

11. Georeferencing  Locating a position on the Earth’s surface  Coordinate systems  Datums  Ellipsoids  Projections  Spatial references

12. Coordinate Systems  A way of describing a location relative to a center  Examples  Geographic Coordinate System – Latitude/Longitude  Cartesian – flat coordinate system place on Earth’s surface  UTM

13. Datums and Ellipsoids  Problems with coordinate systems  Relative to the Earth’s center  Height system relative to the Earth’s surface  Where is the center of the Earth?  What is the shape of the Earth?

14. Datums and Ellipsoids  If Earth’s surface defined as mean sea level THEN  Shape is not a spheroid or ellipsoid  Variations up to +/- 100 meters  We use an ellipsoid as an approximation  The center and orientation of the ellipsoid are defined by a datum  Varies by location on the Earth

15. Projections  Earth is not flat  Must perform mathematical transformation to “flatten” it onto paper or a computer screen  Projections transform Earth’s surface onto a flat cartesian coordinate system

16. Spatial Reference  Combination of ellipsoid, datum, and projection  Can be defined in a *.prj file

17. Georeferenced Project CoordinatesLat/LonDisplay Projection

18. Georeferenced Data  GMS has a Display Projection  Individual items can have a specified projection  If different than the Display Projection  Automatically reprojected to display in correct location  If no projection defined for item  Drawn without being reprojected

19. Conversion to GMS Feature Objects  To use shape files as part of a conceptual model, you must convert shapes to feature objects  Properties must be “mapped” to GMS compatible set of coverage properties

20. Steps 1.Create coverage in Map Module 2.Select subset of shapes (if desired) in GIS module 3.Convert objects and Map Attributes

21. ArcMap 1.Switch to GIS module 2.Select “Enable ArcObjects” from Data Menu (if appropriate) 3.Select the “Add Data” command 4.Select and open file Only available in 32 bit version of GMS  Can import ANY GIS database  Maps are displayed using ArcGIS rendering tools

22. Sample GIS Map (soil type)

23. ArcGIS Mapping Tools