1. William Shakespeare English playwright, poet, and actor who is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language, as well as the world’s preeminent dramatist. The general consensus is that Shakespeare wrote 37-38 plays in his lifetime, as well as 154 sonnets. 399 years after his death, Shakespeare racks up over 100,000,000 results in a Google search 1564-1616 William Shakespeare For more on Shakespeare’s Life: http://www.biography.com/people/william-shakespeare-9480323http://www.biography.com/people/william-shakespeare-9480323

2. Renaissance England The Renaissance was a period of scientific, cultural, and economic rebirth in Europe that spanned from the 14 th to the 17 th century. Some of the major characteristics of this historical time period were: A concern with the place of man in the universe A celebration of the individual and the concept of free will Scientific exploration of the physical world Travel, trade, and exploration A breakdown of the feudal system and establishment of new political orders A questioning of the roles of traditional authorities. Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) King James (1566-1625)

3. Theater and the Renaissance The theater’s role in Renaissance culture served as an important place for exploring the possibilities-love, trials, and tragedies-- of the human experience. Just as people enjoy going to a movie today, theater was a very popular form of entertainment that people of many different social classes enjoyed during Shakespeare’s lifetime. The first theater was built in 1576. In 1599, Shakespeare’s company opened the Globe Theatre. Theaters were built to hold over a thousand spectators. Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre was open-aired, and performances were held every afternoon except on Sundays. Macbeth was likely first performed in the summer of 1606.

4. Characteristics of Shakespearean Tragedy Tragic Hero: Is of high social rank Has a tragic flaw that leads to his or her own demise Suffers complete ruin or death Faces his or her downfall with courage & dignity Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows more than a character does Builds suspense. Soliloquy A speech given by a character alone on stage. The character reveals his or her thoughts/feelings. Aside A character’s remark that only the audience or another character is supposed to hear. Lets the audience in on a character’s secrets. Main CharacterDramatic Conventions VIDEO:http://www.shmoop.com/video/featur es-of-a-shakespearean-tragedy Turn to page 210!

5. Rhetorical devices: Examples: Repetition : Thrice to thine, and thrice to mine And thrice again to make up nine Act I, Scene 3, Parallelism: When the hurly-burly’s done, when the battle’s lost and won Act I, Scene 1 Rhetorical Questions : Do you not hope your children shall be kings When those that gave the Thane of Cawdor to me Promised no less to them? Act I, Scene 3 Repetition: The use of words and phrases more than once to emphasize ideas Parallelism : repetition of grammatical structures to express ideas that are related or of equal importance. Rhetorical questions : the use of questions that require no answers, to make the speaker’s rightness seem obvious. For more examples, please visit: http://www.bardweb.net/content/grammar/02rhetoric.htmlhttp://www.bardweb.net/content/grammar/02rhetoric.html

6. Differences in Character Speech: Class Distinctions in Macbeth Blank Verse or, Unrhymed Iambic Pentameter (The Nobles) In Macbeth the noble characters mostly speak in unrhymed iambic pentameter, which is a fancy way of saying they talk like this: ba-DUM, ba-DUM, ba-DUM, ba- DUM, ba-DUM.iambic pentameter See, an "iamb" is an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one. "Penta" means "five," and "meter" refers to a regular rhythmic pattern. So "iambic pentameter" is a kind of rhythmic pattern that consist of five iambs per line. It's the most common rhythm in English poetry. Let's try it out on this line, where Lady Macbeth urges her husband to wash his hands after he has murdered King Duncan: and WASH this FILthy WITness FROM your HAND. Every second syllable is accented (stressed) so this is classic iambic pentameter. Since the lines have no regular rhyme scheme we call it unrhymed iambic pentameter, a.k.a. blank verse.blank verse Take Notes - Write down all items in this COLOR!

7. Trochaic Tetrameter with Rhymed Couplets (The Witches) The witches also speak in verse but it's done in a way that sets them apart from other characters. In fact, they often chant in a sing-song way that sounds a lot like a scary nursery rhyme. Many of their lines are delivered in what's called trochaic tetrameter with rhymed couplets. That's a mouthful but, again, it's actually pretty simple once you wrap your brain around it. Let's take a closer look at "trochaic tetrameter." A "trochee" is the opposite of an "iamb." It's an accented syllable followed by an unaccented syllable that sounds like DUM-da. "Tetra" means "four" and "meter" refers to a regular rhythmic pattern. So "trochaic tetrameter" is a kind of rhythmic pattern that consist of four trochees per line. It sounds like this: DUM-da, DUM- da, DUM-da, DUM-da.trochee Here's an example from Macbeth: DOUble, DOUble, TOIL and TROUble. FIre BURN and CAULdron BUbble. Notice the way the endings of these two lines rhyme (trouble and bubble)? That's what's called a rhymed couplet.

8. Prose (Commoners) And now for the ordinary folk, like this poor hungover porter: 'Faith sir, we were carousing till the second cock: and drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things. […] Marry, sir, nose-painting, sleep, and urine. Lechery, sir, it provokes, and unprovokes; it provokes the desire, but it takes away the performance […] (2.3) Notice that it's not just the type of speech that sets the Porter apart from the nobles —it's also the content of what he says (which is "low" or "common"). Here, the Porter explains that he was up late "carousing" (partying) and then goes on to describe the physical consequences of excessive drinking: a red nose, a frequent urge to urinate, sleepiness, sexual desire, and problems "performing" in bed. Witty, sure—but it's not exactly what you'd call classy. Source: http://www.shmoop.com/macbeth/http://www.shmoop.com/macbeth/

9. More: The Language of Shakespeare SOV Inversion: Shakespeare used a great deal of SOV inversion, which renders a simple sentence like “John caught the ball” into "John the ball caught." This order is commonly found in Germanic languages (moreso in subordinate clauses), from which English derives much of its syntactical foundation. OSV Construction: Shakespeare also throws in many examples of OSV construction ("The ball John caught."). Shakespeare seems to use this colloquially in many places as a transitory device, bridging two sentences, to provide continuity

10. Macbeth By William Shakespeare INTRODUCTION: Macbeth Rap Setting Conflicts Characters VIDEO: http://www.flocabulary.com/macbeth-summary/

11. The Setting Macbeth is set mostly in 11 th century- Scotland. The setting is also briefly in England The start of the play foreshadows the play as a tragedy just by the portrayal of fogginess and a terrible thunderstorm taking place. Most action takes place in Macbeth’s castle and later, the palace in Dunsinane. Macbeth is actually the only Shakespearean play set in Scotland, some people connecting it to the reality in which King James IV of Scotland was crowned King James I of England. This occurred in 1603 after Queen Elizabeth died, thus allowing King James to become the king of England a few years before the play was even written. Although the play was written in 1606, it takes place in Scotland of medieval times, around the time the actual characters lived. The stage setting of the play included minimal furniture, excessive darkness, and often thunderous sound effects giving into the feel of a tragedy. Source: http://macbethswain.blogspot.com/p/setting-description.htmlhttp://macbethswain.blogspot.com/p/setting-description.html

12. Map Castle in Scotland

13. Main Conflicts External v. Internal Conflicts External conflict: struggle between a literary character and an outside force; drives dramatic action. Examples are man v. man, man v. nature & man v. society. Examples: Man v. man - Lady Macbeth pressuring Macbeth to murder Duncan. Man v. nature – Macbeth vs. the SUPERNATURAL, which includes the three witches, floating daggers, and more! Man v. society - the struggle between the murderous evil represented by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and the best interests of the nation, represented by Malcolm and Macduff Internal conflict: Psychological struggle within a literary character's mind. AKA man v. self Examples: Macbeth losing his sanity, and the guilt he feels after murdering Duncan and Banquo. The burden of Lady Macbeth's conscience becomes too great for her and her mental and physical condition deteriorates

17. Characteristics of a Tragic Hero & Dramatic Conventions TAKE DOWN NOTES!Dramatic Conventions A Tragic Hero… is of high social rank – a king, a prince, or a general has a tragic flaw – an error in judgment or a character defect – that ultimately leads to his or her downfall suffers complete ruin or death faces his or her downfall with courage and dignity Dramatic Irony results when the audience knows more than one or more of the characters helps build suspense Soliloquy is a speech given by a character alone on stage, used to reveal his or her private thoughts and feelings may help the audience understand a character’s motivation Aside is a character’s remark, either to the audience or to another character, that no on else on stage is supposed to hear lets the audience in on a character’s thoughts or secrets

18. Characters