1. Saponification 1106

2. Background  Made form Lipids, same material that makes up the human cell wall  Aquas environment isolated by cell wall of lipids, containing more liquid material.

3. Background  Oldest reactions that man preformed  Where meat was roasted the fat mixed with ash and soap was made  Someone realized that the ash near this location cleaned better than just ash  History has it staring in Rome at sap hill, but real history unknown  But it is called saponification

4. Background  French were the first to commercially make soap in the first AD  Common name for Basic solution is LYE, often called soda ash  Made from wood ash (wood when burnt is basic and is mild NaOH) and animal fat  Fat can be from plant or animal

5. Types of Fat  Type of fat will effect the character of the soap  Animal fat makes hard durable soap  Vegetable fat makes soft soap  Olive oil is the exception  Castile soap is the finest soap from Europe and is made with olive oil and is really hard, but has a pH of 7

6. Tri glycerides  Tri glycerides is a chain of 3 glycerides  Chains of 12 -24 Carbons not necessarily the same

7. Saponification  The saponification reaction is the breaking of the 3 chains form the triglycerides at the ester groups by attach of the NaOH

8. Structure  Works by isolating the water in micelles since it has a non-polar and a polar end  The head (polar end) interacts with the water (polar part) and the tail works by interacting with organic non-polar material

9. Types of micelles  In polar solutions  In non-polar solutions

10. Experiment  Make soap  Then using a procedure known as salting out to push the soap to fall out  Filtered and placed in a petri dish to take home  The filtered solution will be titrated to determine the number of moles of NaOH that was consumed in the reaction

11. Experiment  Titration is with HCl in burrette and NaOH in the flask  Then determine how many moles there was in the flask  Subtract that form the number of moles that you started with (liters of NaOH * 6M NaOH used )  Leaves moles reacted in reaction

12. Calculations  There are 3 moles needed of NaOH per mole of triglyceride  And finally the moles of FAT in the 5.0 g sample  Molecular weight of fat  Mass of fat / moles of fat