1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS From DNA to RNA to Proteins

2. Genes Section of DNA that controls making of proteins

3. Protein Synthesis Overview 2 Main Processes –Transcription-DNA copied to RNA (nucleus) –Translation-RNA made into proteins (ribosomes)

4. DNA mRNA Transcription! RibosometRNA Amino acid Protein Translation!!!!

5. Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)- carries protein making instructions from DNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- Part of the ribosome-makes proteins Transfer RNA (tRNA)- transfers amino acids to ribosome to make protein.

6. DNA vs. RNA RNA –Sugar (Ribose) –Phosphate group –Nitrogenous Bases A U (Not “T”) G C Single Stranded DNA –Sugar (Deoxyribose) –Phosphate group –Nitogenous Bases –A–A –T–T –G–G –C–C Double Stranded

9. Transcription 1. DNA is unzipped (by RNA polymerase-enzyme) at a gene. “Promoter” initiates copying. 2. ONE strand of the DNA template is transcribed (copied) into mRNA using complimentary base pairing. 3. RNA polymerase reaches “termination Signal”/end of gene. Stops copying.

11. http://www.phschool.com/atscho ol/phbio/active_art/protein_synth esis/index.htmlhttp://www.phschool.com/atscho ol/phbio/active_art/protein_synth esis/index.html

13. Transcribe the following DNA strands. ATTCGACG UAAGCUGC TTACCAGC AAUGGUCG TTAAAACG AAUUUUGC

14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =ztPkv7wc3yUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =ztPkv7wc3yU Transcription video

15. Codon __3_ consecutive __bases_ on ___mRNA___ that specify _ particular amino acid.

17. FLOW OF GENETIC INFO Genetic Trait- Blue eyes

18. A C B NUCLEUS

19. Translation Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =B6O6uRb1D38&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related

20. Translation -- The decoding of mRNA into a protein Nuclear envelope tRNA Amino acid Polypeptide chain Cell membrane

21. Transcription/translation video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAo

22. How is Protein Synthesis like a candy factory?

23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a8 yUYQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =B6O6uRb1D38&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =B6O6uRb1D38&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v =NJxobgkPEAo

24. Translation Decode mRNA to Proteins

25. Steps of Translation 1. The mRNA strand is broken into codons –(Codon- 3 bases that code for an amino acids.)

26. Translation 2.Ribosome reads the codons and translates them into amino acids. How?? –Uses the Genetic Code –Match the first letter on the left –Match the second letter on the top –Match the third letter on the right –Ex: codon AUG – Amino Acid: Methionine

27. What amino acid goes with the following codons: UGG- GAA- ACA- UAG- AGC- CAG-

28. Example

29. 3. rRNA sends for the tRNA to bring the correct amino acids. 4.The tRNA anticodons match up with the mRNA codons –Ex: mRNACUG-codon – t RNAGAC -anticodon brings the amino acid methionine attached to it. 5.Amino acids are attached to each other making a protein, until a STOP codon is reached

30. Translation continued 6. Disassembly- Ribosome complex falls apart. Polypeptide chain (protein) is released.

37. DNA: ACA TTG TAG CAT mRNA: AminoAcids: DNA: TTT TAC TGG CGC GTA mRNA: AminoAcids:

39. The bases below are DNA-Transcribe into mRNA, then translate to amino acids DNA= TAGCATTACACT mRNA=AUC-GUA-AUG-UGA Amino Acid=Ile-Val-Met-Stop

41. The bases below are DNA-Transcribe into mRNA, then translate to amino acids DNA= TTG-TCG-CGA-ACC-AGC-GGC-TAA mRNA=AAC-AGC-GCU-UGG-UCG-CCG-AUU Amino Acid=Asn-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-Pro-Ile