1. Journal 1. What is a caste system? 2. What is Moksha? 3. How did Hinduism develop? 10/9/13 Daily Announcements

2. Agenda 1.Review Hinduism 2.Buddhism Notes 11/17/10

3. Objectives 11/17/10 Students will be able to… 30. Summarize the major features of the Mauryan and Gupta Empires. 31. Describe the major beliefs and traditions of Buddhism.

4. Aryan Kingdoms Aryan kingdoms dominated India beginning around 1000 BCE No single, unified leader Run over by Alexander the Great (we’ll talk about him later)

5. Mauryan Empire

6. Geography What ocean surrounds India?

7. Geography What mountain range is shown?

8. Geography What river valley was to the east?

9. Geography Mauryan Empire united Indian subcontinent – Ganges and Indus Rivers – Up to the Himalaya and Hindu-Kush Mountains

10. Religion Mainly Hinduism Asoka (a king) spread Buddhism through missionaries

11. Achievements Chandragupta Maurya –United India for the first time –Strong bureaucracy Asoka (Chandragupta’s grandson) –Religious tolerance –Built roads, free hospitals, hotels

12. Political Chandragupta conquered the empire and established a dynasty – Bureaucracy helped run the government Asoka – Became a non-violent Buddhist, used the government to care for his people rather than gain wealth or power

13. Asoka says: “All men are my children. What I desire for my own children, and I desire their welfare and happiness both in this world and the next, that I desire for all men. You do not understand to what extent I desire this, and if some of you do understand, you do not understand the full extent of my desire.”

14. More Political People liked Ashoka – Good ruler, but weakened the government – No strong ruler followed him – Empire fell apart

15. A Period of Turmoil 500 years without a strong leader Turmoil, noun – A state or condition of extreme confusion or commotion Without any damage or injury, for 30 seconds, demonstrate turmoil

16. Gupta Empire

17. Geography

18. Religion Reverts to Hinduism

19. Achievements The Golden Age of India Gupta = Golden! Trade by land and sea, east and west

20. Achievements Astronomy taught the idea of a round earth Mathematics They invented the concept of ZERO Medicine They learned how to set broken bones. Art and Culture They advanced the production of textiles and the writing of literature.

21. Political Gupta kings used marriage (and an army) to create an empire Last strong king declines in 415 CE, empire starts to collapse In the 500s CE, invaders “without settled homes” attack India

22. Buddhism

23. Hinduism’s Problems Some people did not like – Inequality – Inaccessibility (need priests to interact with gods for you)

24. The Solution A new faith, started by a Hindu prince who meditated on the world’s problems Siddhartha Gautama grew up sheltered from the world. When he left his palace, he was shocked by what he saw – Became the founder of Buddhism

25. Buddha Siddhartha left his life in a palace to seek wisdom So he meditated under a tree until he finally discovered the truth about the world – He became known as the Buddha: awakened or enlightened one

26. Four Noble Truths 1.To live is to suffer 2.Suffering is caused by desire 3.To end suffering, you must get rid of all desires 4.To do so, follow the Eightfold Path to enlightenment

27. Get on the path! Tear a sheet of paper into 8 squares On four of the squares, write down things that cause you to suffer On four of the squares, write down things that you desire Crumble each square into a ball

28. Get on the path! Rid yourself of your suffering and desires! Throw them at the recycling bin!

29. Nirvana Buddha and his followers believed he had achieved enlightenment, what they called nirvana Enlightenment can be achieved by acting, thinking, and believing in the proper way Nirvana ends your soul’s reincarnation

30. Karma Buddhists believe in karma, much like Hindus Instead of determining caste, karma provides your reincarnated self with desirable qualities (wealth, beauty, influence, etc.) Karma is based on your intentions, not just your actions

31. Solving Problems Hinduism has inequality – Buddhism rejects the caste system. All Buddhists belong to the religious community (sangha) Hinduism is inaccessible, requires priests – Buddhism is very personal, individual meditation and self-improvement – Can reach nirvana in a single lifetime

32. About Buddha Buddha is not a god! “Buddha” is a title granted to Siddhartha Gautama Fat Buddha, and Buddha worship, is a later Chinese development

33. Religious Spread