1. AMERICA BECOMES A WORLD POWER U.S. History II / I.B. Humanities II Mr. Seward, Instructor of History

2.  The Beginnings of American Dominance  http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mod s.php?PROGRAM=9780078745218&VIDEO=2877&CHA PTER=14 http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mod s.php?PROGRAM=9780078745218&VIDEO=2877&CHA PTER=14

3. AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY CIRCA 1900

4. ISOLATIONISM  Americans followed a policy of isolationism, avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries.  George Washington had warned Americans “to steer clear of permanent alliances” with other countries --- particularly those in Europe.  U.S. leaders had tried to follow this advice by staying out of overseas conflicts.

5. THE AMERICAN NAVY  Not everyone favored isolationism. Some Americans thought the United States needed to expand to keep the country’s economy strong.  Alfred Thayer Mahan, in The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890), wrote that the United States needed a strong navy.  He believed that the navy could protect U.S. economic interest abroad.  This economic growth would in turn increase American military power.

6. ALFRED THAYER MAHAN

7. THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

8.  The Spanish American War  http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mod s.php?PROGRAM=9780078745218&VIDEO=2878&CHA PTER=14 http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mod s.php?PROGRAM=9780078745218&VIDEO=2878&CHA PTER=14

9. REASONS FOR THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR  Protection of American business interest in Cuba.  American support of Cuban rebels to gain independence from Spain.  Rising tensions between Spain and the United States as a result of the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor.  “Remember the Maine!”  Exaggerated news reports of events (yellow journalism)  William Randolph Heart – New York Journal  Joseph Pulitzer – New York World

14. KEY EVENTS AND PERSONALITIES IN THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR  President William McKinley  U.S. President during the Spanish American War  Rough Riders/Theodore Roosevelt  Group of volunteers men from all walks of life organized by Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt to fight in the war.  “It has been a splendid little war, begun with the highest motives, carried on with magnificent intelligence and spirit, favored by that Fortune which loves the brave.“  ~ John Hay, Secretary of State during the McKinley Administration.

15. MCKINLEY & ROOSEVELT

16.  William McKinley’s Presidency  http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war/videos#mckinley-faces-war- assassination http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war/videos#mckinley-faces-war- assassination  Theodore Roosevelt and the Spanish American War  http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war/videos#roosevelt-fights-in- spanish-american-war http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war/videos#roosevelt-fights-in- spanish-american-war

20. KEY EVENTS AND PERSONALITIES IN THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR  Battle of San Juan Hill  Decisive battle during the war.  Site of the greatest victory for the Rough Riders and the Buffalo Soldiers.  Admiral George Dewey  Commander of the Asiatic squadron at Hong Kong.  Attached the Spanish Philippines in Manila Bay and destroyed Spain’s pacific fleet.  The United States annexed the Philippines.  Buffalo Soldiers  African American Calvary Regiments (9 th and 10 th ) of the United States Army.

22. RESULTS OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR  The United States emerged as a world power.  Cuba gained independence from Spain.  The United States gained possession of the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

23. THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S FOREIGN POLICY

24.  Theodore Roosevelt Succeeds to the Presidency after McKinley Assassination  http://www.history.com/topics/theodore- roosevelt/videos#theodore-roosevelts-rise-to- presidency http://www.history.com/topics/theodore- roosevelt/videos#theodore-roosevelts-rise-to- presidency

25. PANAMA CANAL  Roosevelt believed that a canal was important to U.S. naval power, security, and strength.  Building the canal proved to be very difficult.  Canal route ran through jungles.  Swamps filled with mosquitoes carrying malaria and yellow fever.  High mountain range created engineering obstacles.  6,000 lives lost building the Panama Canal.  Opened on August 15, 1914 at a cost of $375 million.  “Highway between the Oceans”

26.  Panama Canal  http://www.history.com/shows/modern- marvels/videos/inside-the-panama-canal#inside-the- panama-canal http://www.history.com/shows/modern- marvels/videos/inside-the-panama-canal#inside-the- panama-canal

27. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE  Monroe Doctrine “The American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”  The United States would view any such actions as a threat to its security.  The Monroe Doctrine had become a major principle of U.S. foreign policy.

28. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE  “Chronic wrongdoing … may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention [involvement] by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence [observance] of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly [unwilling], in flagrant [extreme] cases of such wrongdoing … to the exercise of an international police power.”  This new role of the United States as the “police power” of the Western Hemisphere suited Roosevelt’s style.  In 1900 he had said, “I have always been fond of the West African proverb: “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far.”

29. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE  In brief...  Asserted the United States’ right to interfere in the economic matters of other nations in the Americas.  Claimed the United States’ right to exercise international police power.  Advocated “speak softly and carry a big stick” diplomacy (building the Panama Canal )

33. ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS  The United States emerged as a world power as a result of victory over Spain in the Spanish American War.  Economic interests and public opinion often influence United States involvement in international affairs.  Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine as a way to prevent European involvement in the affairs of Latin American countries.

34. Questions? Comments? Observations? Criticisms?