1. Motor Vehicle Crashes among Young Drivers in New York State Motao Zhu, Michael Bauer New York State Department of Health Bureau of Injury Prevention Phone: 518-473-1143 Email: mxz04@health.state.ny.us

2. Background Motor vehicle crashes account for two out of five deaths among teenagers 16 to 19 years old in the U.S.. Teen drivers are approximately four times more likely to be in a motor vehicle crash than all other age groups combined in New York State.

3. Study Objectives I: To examine factors that lead teen drivers to contribute to motor vehicle crashes. II:To compare the crash pattern and outcome between 16-19 years old drivers and 30-64 years old drivers. III:To examine if the graduated licensing law worked in Nassau and Suffolk counties.

4. Methods Data source: Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) data from 1995 to 2000 in New York State. Data Linkage: Probabilistic techniques were applied to link police accident report and hospital discharge data. Data analysis: descriptive analysis, and multivariate analysis.

5. Results I Teenage Drivers At Fault Teenage Driver’s Age and At Fault

6. Multivariate Analysis: Log-Binomial Model

7. Results II Compare 16-19 and 30-64 years old drivers Distribution of Crash Class by Driver’s Age Percentage Driver’s Age

8. No. of Vehicles Involved by Driver’s Age Percentage Driver’s Age

9. Crash Time by Driver’s Age Percentage Driver’s Age

10. Top 5 First Collision Objects by Driver’s Age Drivers aged 16-19Drivers aged 30-64 No. 1Other Motor Vehicle (77.5%) Other Motor Vehicle (81.5%) No. 2Earth Embankment (3.5%) Pedestrian (4.0%) No. 3Tree (3.0%) Animal (3.7%) No. 4Light Support (2.6%) Bicyclist (2.0%) No. 5Guide Rail (2.1%) Guide Rail (1.5%)

11. Safety Belt Use by Driver’s Age Percentage Driver’s Age

12. Injury and Fatality Rates by Driver’s Age Rate per 100 Driver’s Age

13. Barell Injury Matrix by Driver’s Age * Based on linked police crash report and hospital discharge data.

14. Hospital Charges and Length of Stay by Driver’s Age * Based on linked police crash report and hospital discharge data.

15. Results III Graduated Licensing Laws in New York State Statewide law went into effect September 2003. Nassau and Suffolk counties already had their own county-level licensing laws. Did the law work in these counties?

17. Age of Drivers Involved in MVC NYS Residents, 2000

18. Age of Drivers Hospitalized in MVC NYS Residents, 2000-2002

19. Summary Among teenage drivers involved in motor vehicle crashes, 69% were determined by the police to be at fault. The protective effect of adult passenger presence was larger than the detrimental effect of teenage passenger presence. Teenage drivers were more likely to have crashes at night and have collisions with fixed objects, compared with adult drivers.

20. Summary (cont’d) Teenage drivers had a higher injury rate, fatality rate, and traumatic brain injury rate, compared with adult drivers. Graduated licensing laws seemed to improve safety among 16 years old drivers in Nassau and Suffolk counties.

21. Acknowledgement NHTSA Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) team: Ms. Barbara Rhea, Ms. Sandy Johnson. New York State Department of Motor Vehicles, Bureau of Program Analysis & Data Services. The New York State Governor’s Traffic Safety Committee (GTSC).