2. By utilizing the steps of the Scientific Method Aim: How do scientists solve problems?

3. Our Problem: How does our heart rate change after exercise?

4. Our Observations: Our observations from prior experience tell us that heart rate tends to increase after we exercise. Usain Bolt

5. Our Research: Library Scientific Journals Internet Sources

6. Our Hypothesis: If a person does exercise (30 Jumping Jacks), then his/her heart rate will increase. How specific with hypothesis? -Type of exercise -How long or how many -Amount of change?????

7. II. Our Controlled Experiment: Remember, an experiment is done to determine the validity of our hypothesis. We are going to design an experiment that will allow us to measure heart rate after we exercise.

8. Controlled experiment Control group: Control group: Gets normal treatment. Gets normal treatment. Experimental group: Experimental group: Gets the substance or the treatment you are testing. Gets the substance or the treatment you are testing. In our Exercise Experiment, which is the control group and which is the experimental group?

9. Procedure: (Do we need one?) 1) Divide students into two groups 3) Have the students measure their heart rate for 1 minute during rest and write it down. 2) The students in one group will be instructed to complete 30 Jumping Jacks. The students in the other group will do no activity for the same time period the first group is exercising.

10. Procedure: (Continued) 4) Students from both groups will re- check their heart rate and compare to their own initial heart rate. 5) Compare the results from both groups to see if there was a difference between resting and exercise.

11. III. Types of Variables Definition: factors that can change Definition: factors that can change 1. Independent (manipulated) – what the scientist controls or changes. (Exercise) 2. Dependent (responding) – the variable that is observed and that changes because of the independent variable. (Heart Rate) 3. Controlled variable – variables that are the same in each group. (Ex. Age, Exercise Type, Time of Day, etc…)

12. Constants (aka. Controls, Controlled Variables Both groups (experimental & control) should be treated exactly the same except for the independent variable. (one thing which is being tested) What are the constants in this experiment? Age of participants # of persons in each group Athletic conditioning

13. IV. Identify the Dependent and Independent Variable: 1)In an experiment studying the effect of sleep on student achievement. 2)In an experiment studying the effect of caffeine on worker performance. 3)In an experiment studying plant growth in different colors of light.

14. Sample size? The bigger the sample size, the better the results or conclusion will be. How many people should we use? The number of “things” included in group. VS

15. What is left to do? Conduct experiment Conduct experiment Collect data Collect data Analyze data and make conclusion Analyze data and make conclusion Refer back to hypothesis Refer back to hypothesis Repeat experiment to check validity Repeat experiment to check validity Peer review of work Peer review of work Alter procedure if necessary Alter procedure if necessary