1. MEDU 111 Phase 2 – 2nd year , 3rd semester
Learning theories
MEDU 111
Phase 2 – 2nd year , 3rd semester
Dr. Khalid Alabdulwahhab

2. Objectives Evolution of learning theories
Active versus passive learning
Adult learning
Apply active and adult learning
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

3. Evolution of learning theories
What is a theory?
Provides a general explanation for observations.
Can never be established beyond all doubt.
May be modified.
Seldom thrown out completely
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

4. Evolution of learning theories
What is Learning ?
For thousands of years, philosophers and psychologists have sought to understand the nature of learning, how it occurs, and how one person can influence the learning of another person.
Over the past half-century, definitions of learning shifted from
Changes that occur in the mind or behavior of an individual to
Changes in participation in ongoing activities with others
Changes in a person's identity within a group (e.g., a change from being a follower to being a leader).
Most definitions of learning involve a change in an individual's knowledge, ability to perform a skill, or participate in an activity with other individuals
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

5. Evolution of learning theories
What is Learning theories?
Describe how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning
An attempt to describe how people learn
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

6. Evolution of learning theories
Why there is many theories?
Due to the fact that there are different types of learning.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

7. Evolution of learning theories
There are many different theories
Behaviorism
Cognitivism
Constructivism
Connectivism
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

8. Evolution of learning theories
Behaviorism
Concentrates on overt behaviors that can be observed and measured.
It views the mind as a "black box“.
Totally ignoring the possibility of thought processes occurring in the mind.
look at learning as an aspect of conditioning.
Based on a change in knowledge through stimulus/response
All behavior caused by external stimuli.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

9. Evolution of learning theories
Cognitivism
Information comes in, is being processed, and leads to certain outcomes.
View learning as involving the acquisition or reorganization of the cognitive structures through which humans process and store information.
Humans generate knowledge through sequential development of an individual’s cognitive abilities
Focuses on the inner mental activities – opening the “black box”.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

10. Evolution of learning theories
Constructivism
Each person has a different interpretation and construction of knowledge.
Learners construct their own reality based upon their perceptions of experiences, so an individual's knowledge is a function of one's prior experiences, mental structures, and beliefs that are used to interpret objects and events
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

11. Evolution of learning theories
Connectivism
A learning theory for the digital age.
The integration of cognition and emotions in meaning-making
Learning has an end goal
A learner can exponentially improve their own learning by plugging into an existing network.
The integration of principles explored by chaos, network, and complexity and self-organization theories
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

12. Evolution of learning theories
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

13. Evolution of learning theories
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

14. Objectives Evolution of learning theories
Active versus passive learning
Adult learning
Apply active and adult learning
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

15. Active Vs Passive Learning
Mind as empty vessels or sponges which can be easily filled with knowledge and were expected to absorb most of it.
Students are listening to instructors, reading books as per instructions, looking at presentations or slides.
They don’t engage with it. They do not interact, share their insight or contribute to it.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

16. Active Vs Passive Learning
Active Learning
Process where a learner takes a dynamic and energetic role in his or her education.
Learner is engaged and motivated even before the actual learning starts.
Learner can restructure and merge the prior knowledge with the new information and get the new insight and start practicing it.
Puts the responsibility on learner and encourages them to get and stay engaged in class discussions and exercises and compel them to read, speak, listen and think.
Learner is not dependent on a teacher is a partner in the process.
Teachers act as guides and motivators to the learning process.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

17. Active Vs Passive Learning
Can reading be an Active Learning?
Don’t just read and close the book
Try to interact with what you have read immediately
Draw flow charts
Draw diagrams
Write a summary
Speak to your self
Explain it to others
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

18. Active Vs Passive Learning
What do we remember?
20% of what we read
30% of what we hear
40% of what we see
50% of what we say
60% of what we do
90% of what we read, hear, see, say and do
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

19. Objectives Evolution of learning theories
Active versus passive learning
Adult learning
Apply active and adult learning
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

20. Adult learning Andragogy
Is a theory that holds a set of assumptions about how adults learn “the art and science of helping adults learn”
Andragogy as a study of adult learning originated in Europe in 1950's
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

21. What do you mean by “adult learning principles”?
Malcolm Knowles (1970) identified the six principles of adult learning
Adults are internally motivated and self-directed
Adults bring life experiences and knowledge to learning experiences
Adults are goal oriented
Adults are relevancy oriented
Adults are practical
Adult learners like to be respected
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

22. Adults are internally motivated and self-directed
Adult learning
Adults are internally motivated and self-directed
Adults need to know the reason for learning
Adult learners resist learning when they feel others are imposing information, ideas or actions on them
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

23. Adults bring life experiences and knowledge to learning experiences
Adult learning
Adults bring life experiences and knowledge to learning experiences
Adults like to be given opportunity to use their existing foundation of knowledge
Use their experience gained from life experience, and apply it to their new learning experiences
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

24. Adults are goal oriented
Adult learning
Adults are goal oriented
Adult students become ready to learn when they experience a need to learn it in order to cope more satisfyingly with real-life tasks or problems
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

25. Adults are relevancy oriented
Adult learning
Adults are relevancy oriented
Adult learners want to know the relevance of what they are learning to what they want to achieve
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

26. Practical fieldwork experiences
Adult learning
Adults are practical
Through :
Practical fieldwork experiences
Interacting with real clients and their real life situations
Move from classroom and textbook mode to hands-on problem solving where they can recognize how what they are learning applies to life and the work.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

27. Adult learners like to be respected Taking interest.
Adult learning
Adult learners like to be respected
Taking interest.
Acknowledging the wealth of experiences that the student brings to the placement.
Regarding them as a colleague who is equal in life experience.
Encouraging expression of ideas, reasoning and feedback at every opportunity.
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab

28. Summery Evolution of learning theories Active versus passive learning
Adult learning
Apply active and adult learning
Dr.Khalid Alabdulwahhab