1. The Rise OfJapan

2. Tokugawa Era 1600s-1860s Period of peace Period of peace Emphasis on rigid class structure, discipline, isolationEmphasis on rigid class structure, discipline, isolation Weak emperor  strong shogunWeak emperor  strong shogun Transportation & economy improvesTransportation & economy improves Samurai lose importanceSamurai lose importance

3. Late Tokugawa Era Revolutionary Conditions? U.S. ship arrives demanding Japan end its isolation and trade with the West U.S. ship arrives demanding Japan end its isolation and trade with the West Crumbling social structure Crumbling social structure Merchants becoming very wealthy, while others are becoming very poorMerchants becoming very wealthy, while others are becoming very poor In comparison to China, what can Japan do differently to be more successful?In comparison to China, what can Japan do differently to be more successful?

4. Revolutionary Conditions “Revolutions are about economics.” Result: In 1868, revolution = “Meiji Restoration”

5. Meiji Restoration “Here we go again?” 1. Observe & learn from West 2. Meiji Restoration = period of modernization Social reformsSocial reforms Economic reformsEconomic reforms Political reformsPolitical reforms

6. Meiji Era -Story of Two Cultures on Opposite Paths-

7. Meiji Era Imperialism = world power? Imperialism = world power? 1. Japan begins by defeating China for control of Korea 2. Then, Japan defeats Russia for Manchuria 3. At the same time, Japan is acquiring Taiwan and other islands  These victories mark Japan’s arrival as a world power

8. …but these are not the only reasons that Japan expands… Japanese expansion is an implicit challenge to Western dominanceJapanese expansion is an implicit challenge to Western dominance This leads Japan on the road to warThis leads Japan on the road to war

9. Japan’s Road to War Additional Reasons to Expand: 1. Need Island nation, limited resources, limited farmland, overpopulationIsland nation, limited resources, limited farmland, overpopulation 2. Anti-Western Sentiment Racial equality?Racial equality? Limiting of navy?Limiting of navy? End of emigration to U.S.?End of emigration to U.S.?

10. Japan’s Road to War 1930 speech of military leader: “We are like a great crowd of people packed into a small narrow room, and there are only three doors through which we might escape, namely emigration, advance into world markets, and expansion of territory. The first door…has been barred to us by the anti- Japanese immigration policies of other countries. The second door…is being pushed shut by tariff barriers…Japan should rush upon the last door [expansion of territory].”

11. Japan’s Road to War 1930’s American observation: “In every classroom is a world-map or map of Asia which shows Japan in red as a very small land indeed, compared to the mainland nations of Asia…In a perfectly bland manner some villager, on looking at such a map, will suggest how nice it would be to [acquire] a bit more of China.”

12. Japan’s Road to War Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere = “An Asia for Asians”