1. 3.2 New England Colonies Notes
Pilgrims and Puritans

2. James I and the Separatists
Some Englishmen believed that the Church of England had not gone far enough away from Catholicism when it broke away from the Catholic Church.
These English dissenters became known as Separatists.
They wanted to Separate from the Church of England
Separatists removed all practices of the Catholic Church from there form of Christianity.
James I persecuted the Separatists for not following the official Church of England’s practices.
He took away their lands
He jailed them
Some times Separatists were killed for their beliefs

3. James I

4. Separatists move to Holland
To escape the intolerance in England most Separatists moved to Holland (Part of The Netherlands).
The Separatists didn’t like Holland because their children were starting to adopt Dutch ways and they still want to be English.
The Netherlands allowed Freedom of Religion.
The Separatist after 13 years in Holland approached the Virginia Company to gain permission to establish a Colony in America.
This way they would still be English
They could also have Freedom of Religion
The Virginia Company gave them the money in exchange for the Separatists becoming Indentured Servants for 7 years.

5. The Separatists become Pilgrims
After 4 months at sea, in November 1620 the Separatists landed off Cape Cod (Massachusetts) aboard the Mayflower.
These Pilgrims establish the Colony of Plymouth on Christmas Day 1620.
The Mayflower had been blown off course and it landed outside of the area that the Pilgrims were allowed to go.
Their Charter did not apply so the Men of the Mayflower wrote the Mayflower Compact
The 1st written document that allowed self government in the Americans.
It established the practice of self-government and Majority Rule.
However, the Pilgrims did not have the protection of the English Government

6. Pilgrims

7. The Pilgrims in Plymouth
Like Jamestown half of the Pilgrim died due to Starvation (a Starving Time) and poor weather.
The next spring a Native American that had been to England Squanto helped the Pilgrims to grow crops.
That fall the Pilgrims held a 3 day feast that today we know as the 1st Thanksgiving.
Celebrating their survival and the Peace that existed between the Pilgrims and Native Americans

8. The Puritans The Puritans practiced the same religion as the Pilgrims.
Unlike the Pilgrims who wanted to Separate from the Church of England.
The Puritans wanted to Purify the Church of England’s Practices.
Like the Pilgrims the Puritans were persecuted for their beliefs.
They were jailed
Property and Lands were taken
Sometimes killed
To escape this persecution they left England to establish The Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 in America.

9. Puritans

10. Massachusetts Bay
Unlike the Pilgrims, the Puritans were mostly upper middle class families.
They combined their wealth and formed the joint-stock company The Massachusetts Bay Company to start their Colony.
In 1630, 1000 settlers on 11 ships founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony
What is today the City of Boston, Massachusetts
Its Royal Charter allowed the colony self-government
Over the next 10 years over 20,000 mostly Puritans crossed the Atlantic in what is known as the Great Migration

11. Massachusetts Bay Colony

12. The New England Way This Region becomes known as New England.
Today the States of Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont
The Puritans set up self-government religious communities call Congregations
The descendents of Puritans today are called Congregationalists.
The New England Way had three important ideas (Values)
Hard-work to honor God everyone had a job even two year olds had chores
Education – everyone learned to read in order to read the Bible
Representative Government – Established the idea of the town meeting

14. Lack of Religious Tolerance
While the Puritans wanted Religious Freedom for themselves. They often denied it to others seeking that same religious freedom.
As a result many people were banished for not following Puritan Religious Law.
The banished Puritans started new colonies to have the Religious Freedom they lacked in Massachusetts Bay.
Rhode Island was founded by Puritan dissenter Roger Williams
He and his followers believed that
Colonists could not take Native American land by force
No One should be forced to attend church
Puritans should not impose their religion on others
Church and State should be kept separate
Roger Williams founded the Baptist Church

15. Lack of Religious Tolerance Continued
Anne Hutchison another dissenter that was banished believed
The Male Puritan Clergy were not chosen by God for salvation
Hutchison also challenged church authority
She was banished and fled to Rhode Island in 1638
John Wheelwright founded Exeter in what is now New Hampshire in 1638.
He and his follower wrote the Exeter Compact based on the Mayflower Compact.
Anne Hutchison’s Brother-in-Law
New Hampshire became a separate colony in 1679

16. Anne Hutchison

17. The Quakers Another group persecuted by the Puritans was the Quakers.
The “Quaker” name comes from a bible verse stating that “one should tremble or quake at the word of the Lord”
Quakers Believed
God could be known directly through an ‘inner light”
No Ministers or churches were needed
Sermons and ministers were obstacles to the direct experience of God
Women were Spiritually equal to Men
Quakers were jailed, whipped, and banished because their beliefs were directly opposite to Puritan beliefs
One Quaker Mary Dyer became a martyr (she was killed) when she kept returning to Massachusetts to preach her message
Her Death led to greater religious tolerance

18. Quakers

19. Connecticut
Puritans in addition to Massachusetts also set up Connecticut.
Thomas Hooker established Connecticut in 1636 when he moved his Congregation .
The Founders of Connecticut wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
It was the 1st Constitution written in the Colonies
It extended voting rights to male non-church members
Expanding representative government

20. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut