1. Outcomes of WWII Reconstruction and the Cold War

2. FDR diedApril 12 th, 1945, before the end of WWII. FDR diedApril 12 th, 1945, before the end of WWII.

3. President Harry S. Truman takes over. President Harry S. Truman takes over. Drops the bombs on Japan and accepts Germany & Japan’s surrender.

4. The End of WWII V-E Day: Victory in Europe V-E Day: Victory in Europe Germany surrenders Germany surrenders May 8 th, 1945 May 8 th, 1945 V-J Day: Victory over Japan V-J Day: Victory over Japan Japan surrenders Japan surrenders Sept. 2 nd, 1945 Sept. 2 nd, 1945

5. Results of WWII The United States and the USSR emerge from the war as the two most powerful countries. The United States and the USSR emerge from the war as the two most powerful countries.

6. WESTERN EUROPE Marshall Plan: United States gave $12.5 BILLION in foreign aid to help rebuild Europe Marshall Plan: United States gave $12.5 BILLION in foreign aid to help rebuild Europe England, France, Italy, and West Germany got the most help. England, France, Italy, and West Germany got the most help.

7. US Secretary of State George Marshall (Former General)

9. Punishment and Justice Italy, Germany, and Japan must lose all conquered lands. Italy, Germany, and Japan must lose all conquered lands. Other European countries give up their empires too. Other European countries give up their empires too. War Crimes Trials (Nuremberg & Tokyo) War Crimes Trials (Nuremberg & Tokyo) Leaders of Japan and Germany were put on trial, and many were sentenced to death. Leaders of Japan and Germany were put on trial, and many were sentenced to death.

11. Hitler and others escape prosecution by committing suicide.

12. Reconstruction The Axis countries needed to be rebuilt, and all of Europe needed to be rebuilt. The Axis countries needed to be rebuilt, and all of Europe needed to be rebuilt. This task was left up to the Allies. This task was left up to the Allies.

13. Yalta Conference: At this meeting, the Allies decide to divide Germany and its capital. Yalta Conference: At this meeting, the Allies decide to divide Germany and its capital. England England France France United States United States Soviet Union Soviet Union GERMANY

14. Yalta Conference

15. The rest of Europe came to be divided between the United States and the USSR as well. Democracy and capitalism took hold in the West Communist governments took hold in the East. Reconstruction

17. Germany becomes divided into 2 countries. The capital (Berlin) is also divided. East Germany and East Berlin became Communist. The West German portions and West Berlin became Democratic. GERMANY

21. JAPAN The United States took control of Japanese reconstruction by itself. The United States took control of Japanese reconstruction by itself. Japan occupied by Japan occupied by General MacArthur Japan is demilitarized : Japan is demilitarized : all military / armed forces are disbanded (sent home)

22. Japan must sign new constitution and become a democracy Japan must sign new constitution and become a democracy Emperor is now just a figurehead Emperor is now just a figurehead Cannot make war; only defend itself Cannot make war; only defend itself Under US protection Under US protection JAPAN

23. Reconstruction In the decades following WWII, Japan and (West) Germany would grow to become two of the richest countries in the world. In the decades following WWII, Japan and (West) Germany would grow to become two of the richest countries in the world.

24. The United Nations Established in June, 1945 with 48 original members Established in June, 1945 with 48 original members (including US and USSR) (including US and USSR) Goal: to keep peace through diplomacy Goal: to keep peace through diplomacy

25. The United Nations Powers - peacekeeping operations, international sanctions (punishment against other countries), and military action. Powers - peacekeeping operations, international sanctions (punishment against other countries), and military action. 5 permanent members = USA, China, USSR (Russia), UK and France 5 permanent members = USA, China, USSR (Russia), UK and France

26. The United Nations How is the United Nations different from the League of Nations?

27. Universal Declaration of Human Rights A code of conduct for the treatment of all people under the protection of their government A code of conduct for the treatment of all people under the protection of their government Was established and adopted by members of the United Nations Was established and adopted by members of the United Nations

28. SUMMARY How were the actions taken by the Allies after WWII different from the actions they took in the Treaty of Versailles after WWI? Do you think the WWII agreements are better than or worse than the Treaty of Versailles?