1. Content 1.The main flowchart and technology 2.Advantage and disadvantages of each technology, way to improve. On-Nuch disposal site Group Member: Lu Li ; st116516 Malulee Leamlaem ; st116529 Atitaya Saensud ; st116527 Thet Ko Win ; st116537 Piracha Toonsakul ;st116538

2. The main flowchart and technology Collection Incinerator Infection waste Transfer station Sanitary landfill Composting plant Compost Vehicle : truck with different function Manipulate separation Magnetic separation Rotate mixing Manipulate separation

3. Collection Advantages 1.Different type of truck was used in waste collection. 2.MSW was collect separately which reduce work load. 3.Infection waste, MSW, commercial waste was collected separately which reduce work load and reduce infection problem. 4.Truck with compacted was used, reduce collection cost. 5.New truck with special collection part for hazardous waste was used,which reduce separation trouble caused by those materials.

4. Collection Disadvantages 1.Leachates can generate during transportation. 2. Lack of awareness to separate at source. 3. Collection system is not efficiency to collect the separated wastes from the household. 4. Some area can separate the waste, but the trucks are not separate the chamber. It can result in the mix of waste. Suggestion 1. Truck should install plastic container for collect leachate. 2. Promote knowledge and awareness about separation at source to people.

5. Transfer station Advantage 1. Compressor can reduce volume of solid waste and we can contain more to landfill in a truck. 2. Conveyer can save more time. 3. Compress MSW which reduce the volume of MSW, reduce transportation cost. Disadvantage After wrapping, final buck was transport one by one by a worker with a small vehicle, not so efficient.

6. Transfer station Suggestion 1.They should use conveyer or other machine to transport the wrapping wrapped solid directly to the truck instead of forklift. This can reduce accidents and economical energy by forklift. 2.They should clean or machine and maintenance at least twice a month.

7. Manipulate separation Advantage They can separate specific waste which does not want to next step. Disadvantage Man separation might not good separate, they should use technology to do this. If there are sharp weapon such as broken glass, or cutter, it might accidentally cut worker. Suggestion Provide suitable better safeguard procedures or personal protective equipment for workers.

8. Magnetic separation Advantage 1.Can remove metal waste which is not want 2.High efficiency 3.Save workload 4. Helpful and suitable for separate Disadvantage If it does not work,it might have high cost for maintenance. Suggestion They should provide safe guard at any machine to protect worker and accident prevention

9. Incinerator Advantage 1. Effective in treat infection waste 2. Using special container was used reduce infection problem below 10˚C which contain infectious waste. 3. Incinerator has 2 chambers of each incinerator. Thus, they can reduce air pollution by wet scrubber process. 4. Wastewater treatment from cleaning of trucks and containers. 5. Security landfill for ash form incinerator. 6. Monitoring air pollution every 3 months.

10. Incinerator Disadvantage 1. When infectious waste was burned at high temperature, they can be created toxic gases such as dioxin, NO x. 2. Energy not used effectively because they use a lot of fuel (LPG) for startup of each time. Therefore, they spend a lot of money. 3. The station does not have the temperature control room for infectious waste before transport to incinerating process. Therefore, the microorganism or pathogen can dispersion into the air which can cause of health effect. 4. Some of leachate leak to the outside which come from cleansing containers and trucks.

11. Incinerator Suggestion 1. The location of security landfill should not near the river or the field, which can cause the heavy metal contamination into this area. 2. Energy recovery of waste incineration which can produce high level of energy. Therefore, they should to have the recovery energy technology which transforms heat energy to electricity. 3. Collect burning gas and remove the ash waste before discharge into the air.

12. Composting Advantage 1.Turning waste into a value-added resource by providing valuable feedstock for the regions only licensed composting facility. 2.Reducing amounts of wastes to the landfill. 3.Producing valuable products, such as compost and fertilizer, which enhance soil and aids in plant growth. 4.Compost reduces methane production - a greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than CO2. 5.Acts as a buffer to the soil's pH modifying and stabilizing it.

13. Composting Advantage 6. Provides some micro and macro nutrients. 7. Helps soil hold nutrients in root zone - prevents leaching. 8. Increases the soils capacity for retaining soluble forms of plant nutrients. 9. Improves the effectiveness of other fertilizers both organic and chemical. 10.Provides habitat and food for beneficial soil organisms from bacteria to earthworms.

14. Composting Disadvantage 1.The nutrient composition of compost is highly variable compared to chemical fertilizers. 2. Raw solid waste release odor and leachate which can lead fly to this and might provide health risk. Suggestion 1.Build a clean work place for the worker. 2. Proper maintenance. 3. They should have drainpipe to collect leachate. 4. People’s awareness should be improved.

15. Homogenization Drum AdvantageMix waste fully and adjust waste moisture and component. Disadvantage It is a big machine. When it is not work, it take a log time to maintenance. SuggestionThis process is good and high efficient.