1. 1485-1660 The Renaissance

2. Rediscovering Ancient Greece and Rome Renaissance: French word meaning “rebirth”  A renewed interest in classical learning

3. The Spirit of Rebirth Renewal of human spirit, curiosity, creativity and energy Renaissance person: an energetic and productive human being who is interested in many subjects.

4. It All Began in Italy, In Italy from the 14 th – 16 th century  A place that generated a lot of wealth

6. It All Began in Italy Roman Catholic  Very rich church and powerful  Spent money lavishly

7. Sistine Chapel

9. Humanism: Questions About the Good Life Humanism: movement to study classical education  Studied classic subjects  Answered questions like:  What is a human being?  What is a good life? Find a balance between the Bible and the classics Recover ancient writings and share with the world Virtue is the most important human possession

10. The New Technology: A Flood of Print Printing Press  Johannes Gutenberg (1400?- 1468)  Printed first book in 1455  Latin Bible  Printing spread to England  William Caxton set up printing press in England

11. Desdierius Erasmus (1466-1536) Sir Thomas More (1477- 1535) Dutch monk Wrote in Latin making writing available to everyone Taught Greek at Cambridge Utopia (1516)  Gave the work utopian  Analyzed social, economic, penal, and moral problems in England King’s chief minister Two Friends – Two Humanists

12. Desiderius Erasmus Sir Thomas More Two Friends – Two Humanists

13. The Reformation: Breaking with the Church Reformation: series of events where the authority of the pope and the Italian churchmen were rejected Martin Luther (1483- 1546)  Founded Lutheran church  Personal understanding of the Bible

14. King Versus Pope: All for an Heir Henry VIII  Wants divorce from Catherine of Aragon  She can’t produce an heir  Wants to marry Anne Boleyn  Asks for the pope to grant him a divorce – DENIED!!!  Divorce was not allowed in the church  Catherine’s nephew controlled the pope  Appoints new Archbishop of Canterbury to declare marriage invalid  Breaks from Church and declares himself head of the English Church – Church of England, Protestant Church

15. The Protestant Reformation Henry closed all monasteries and sold rich buildings to his subjects This angered some subjects  Some wanted Catholicism  Sir Thomas More – BEHEADED

16. The Protestant Reformation Others thought it was similar to Catholic church Wanted to get rid of:  Bishops, priest’s vestments, prayer books, stained glass windows, etc… Wanted  Individual relationship between person and God

17. Henry VII: Renaissance Man and Executioner 5 Tudor rulers  Henry VII  Seized throne from War of the Roses

18. Henry VIII: Renaissance Man and Executioner Henry VIII’s wives  Catherine of Aragon- DIVORCED  Anne Boleyn-BEHEADED  Jane Seymour-DIED  Anne of Cleves - DIVORCED  Catherine Howard- BEHEADED  Catherin Parr-SURVIVED

20. Henry VIII: Renaissance Man and Executioner Accomplishments  Royal Navy  Wrote poetry and played music  Athlete  Hunter

21. The Boy King and Bloody Mary Henry had 3 children  Mary – daughter of Catherine of Aragon  Elizabeth- daughter of Anne Boleyn  Edward- son of Jane Seymour

22. The Boy King and Bloody Mary Edward VI  Crowned at age of 9  Died at 14 years old  Sick of tuberculosis

23. The Boy King and Bloody Mary Mary (reigned 1553- 1558)  Catholic  Hunted down Protestants  Killed her subjects  Married Philip II, king of Spain  Died childless

24. Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603)  most successful monarch in history  Reestablished Church of England  Excommunicated by pope  Played men against each other for her affection  Never married

25. A True Daughter Mary Queen of Scots  Threatened the throne by being the next heir  Elizabeth kept her in exile  Had her beheaded

26. The Spanish Armada Sinks: A Turning Point in History Philip of Spain used Mary’s execution as a reason to invade  The Spanish Armada 1588- England destroyed Armada

27. A Flood of Literature Constant stream of writing  Elizabeth provided inspiration  Gloriana, Diana, the Faerie Queen, and Cynthia  Works dedicated to her

28. A Dull Man Succeeds a Witty Woman James I (reigned 1603- 1625)  Elizabeth’s second cousin, son of Mary  Lacked ability to resolve critical issues  Created new translation of Bible

29. The Decline of the Renaissance Charles I (reigned 1625- 1649)  Self-destructive  Beheaded by his subjects in 1649  England then ruled by Parliament and Oliver Cromwell  Charles II returned from exile to reign